Transcript Punctuation - Math Assistant

Punctuation
Periods and Other End Marks
Period
1. Use at the end of a declarative sentence.
Ex. My teacher is the best ever.
2. Use at the end of most imperative sentences.
Ex. Give the dog a bath.
3. Use at the end of an indirect question.
Ex. She asked me to go to the store.
4. Use at the end of most abbreviations and initials.
Ex. Mr., min., Ave., Dr., Ph.D., Oct., U.S.A.
(abbreviations without periods TV, VCR, DVD, CD,
ER, etc.)
5. Use a period after each number and letter in an
outline or list.
I. Horses
A. Fast horses
1. Thoroughbreds
2. Arabians
Periods and Other End Marks
Exclamation Point
1. Use at the end of an exclamatory sentence.
Ex. Blondee ate my homework!
2. Use after an interjection or after any other
exclamatory expression.
Ex. Wow! That’s a big hunk of cheese!
Question Mark
Use at the end of an interrogative sentence.
He asked me, “Will you please go to the store
and buy milk?”
Commas in Sentences
There are eight ways to use a comma in a
sentence.
1. Commas are used to combine two complete
sentences to create a compound sentence. The
comma comes before the conjunction.
Ex. The class was noisy, and they had to stay in for
recess.
2. Commas come after every item in a series except
the last one.
Ex. Go to the store and buy a stick of butter, a
gallon of milk, and a loaf of bread for dinner.
Commas in Sentences
3. Use a comma between two adjectives of
equal importance.
Ex. The tall, beautiful woman is a star.
4. Use a comma after an introductory
word or phrase.
Ex. Quietly, pack your bags to go home.
5. Use commas to set off words or phrases
that interrupt, or break the flow of thought in
a sentence.
Ex. Tommy, finally, raised his hand to speak.
Commas in Sentences
6. Use a comma to set off a noun of
direct address.
Ex. Stop talking, Courtney, before you earn a
detention.
7. Use a comma to set off an appositive
phrase when it is not needed in a sentence.
(An appositive phrase defines or names a noun or pronoun right before it)
Ex. The principal, Mrs. Dutton, just walked
into the room.
8. Use a comma whenever the reader may
otherwise be confused.
Ex. The art of writing, my life’s work, is so
much fun!
Commas in Dates, Addresses,
and Letters
Commas in Dates – Use a comma between the
day and year unless in a sentence then add a
comma after the year to continue the sentence.
Commas in Addresses – Use a comma between
the city and state on an envelope. If written in a
sentence, put a comma after the street address,
between the city and state, the zip code and
country, and after the country (if included) in
order to continue the sentence.
Commas in Letters- Use a comma after the
greeting of casual letters and closing of casual
and business letters.
Punctuating Quotations
Direct Quotes
– Use quotes to mark the beginning and end of a direct
quote.
Ex. “I will not tolerate talking during a test,” explained the
teacher.
– Use commas to set off explanatory words with direct
quotes.
Ex. “I will not,” explained the teacher, “tolerate talking during
a test.”
– If a quote is a question or exclamation, place the
question mark or exclamation point inside the closing
quotation marks.
Ex. “I will not tolerate talking during a test!” shouted the
teacher.
– If quoted words are part of a question or exclamation,
but not the actual question or exclamation, place the
end mark outside the closing quotation marks.
Ex. Did the teacher say, “I will not tolerate talking during a
test”?
Punctuating Quotations
Indirect Quotations
– Do not use quotation marks to set off indirect quotes.
Indirect = Did he ask you to the prom?
Direct = Did he ask, “Will you go to the prom with me?”
Divided Quotations
– Use quotations to enclose all parts of a divided
quotation.
– Do not capitalize the first word of the second part of a
divided quote unless it begins a new sentence.
– Use commas to set off explanatory words.
“Wow,” exclaimed Coleton, “that is a big hunk of cheese!”
Semicolon
Use a semicolon to connect two sentences that
are closely related. (The semicolon replaces a
comma and conjunction to create a compound
sentence.)
– Ex. Making Power Points is time-consuming; I hope
you appreciate all of my hard work.
Use a semicolon when there are commas within
parts of a series.
– Ex. The solar system consists of nine planets, like
Earth, Mars, and Jupiter; many comets, like Haley’s
Comet; and countless stars.
Colon
Use a colon to introduce a list of items.
– Ex. The St. Martha uniform is lovely: plaid
skirts, blue pants, white shirts, green shirts,
and green sweat suits.
Use a colon in the formal greeting of a
business letter.
– Ex. To Whom It May Concern:
– Ex. Dear Mrs. Dutton:
Use a colon in between the hours and
minutes in expressions of time.
– Ex. 8:45 A.M. 12:09 P.M.
Hyphen
1. Use a hyphen at a line break
– You must separate a word between syllables
– The word must be at least two syllables.
– You must have at least two letters on each
line. Ex. dum-founded or dumfound-ed
2. Use a hyphen in certain compound words
Ex. mother-in-law self-confident jack-o-lantern
3. Use hyphens to spell-out numbers twenty-one
through ninety-nine. Ex. fifty-three seventy-two
4. Use hyphen to spell-out fractions
Ex. one-fifth
three-eighths
Dashes
Use a dash to show an abrupt break in
thought.
Use the “Oh, by the way!” test
Ex. Muhammad Ali – whose birth name was
Cassius Clay – is a world famous boxer.
Parentheses
Use parentheses to set off ideas loosely
related to the sentence.
Ex. Jesus was born in a stable (the exact
date is unknown).
* Warning using too many parentheses will
weaken your writing.
Apostrophes
Use an apostrophe to form the possessive of
nouns.
– Ex. Bob’s house is big.
– Ex. The car’s exhaust needs to be replaced.
Use apostrophes to form contractions.
– Ex. It’s = it is
you’re = you are
wasn’t = was not
Use apostrophes to form the plurals of a letter,
number, or a word referred to as a word.
– Ex. I received six A’s on my report card.
– Ex. I earned seven 5’s on my Traits of Writing.
– Ex. You have five got’s in your paper.
Punctuating Titles
Quotation Marks
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Book Chapter
Story
Essay
Article
TV Episode
Song
Poem
Italics or Underlining
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Book
Play
Magazine
Movie
TV Series
Long Musical Work
Epic Poem
Painting
Ship
Train
Spacecraft
Airplane