Transcript Document

Rank Requirements
Second Class
Demonstrate how a compass works and how to orient a map. Explain what map
symbols mean.
Using a compass and a map together, take a 5-mile hike (or 10 miles by bike)
approved by your adult leader and your parent or guardian.
First Class
Demonstrate how to find directions during the day and at night without using a
compass.
Using a compass, complete an orienteering course that covers at least one
mile and requires measuring the height and / or width of designated items
(tree, tower, canyon, ditch, etc.).
Orienteering
Merit Badge Requirements
1. Show that you know first aid for the types of injuries that could occur while
orienteering, including cuts, scratches, blisters, snakebite, insect stings,
tick bites, heat and cold reactions (sunburn, heatstroke, heat exhaustion,
hypothermia), and dehydration. Explain to your counselor why you should
be able to identify poisonous plants and poisonous animals that are found
in your area.
2. Explain what orienteering is.
3. Do the following:
a. Explain how a compass works. Describe the features of an
orienteering compass.
b. In the field, show how to take a compass bearing and follow it.
Merit Badge Requirements
4. Do the following:
a. Explain how a topographic map shows terrain features. Point out and
name five terrain features on a map and in the field.
b. Point out and name 10 symbols on a topographic map.
c. Explain the meaning of declination. Tell why you must consider
declination when using map and compass together.
d. Show a topographic map with magnetic north-south lines.
e. Show how to measure distances using an orienteering compass.
f. Show how to orient a map using a compass.
5. Set up a 100-meter pace course. Determine your walking and running
pace for 100 meters. Tell why it is important to pace-count.
6. Do the following:
a. Identify 20 international control description symbols. Tell the meaning
of each symbol.
b. Show a control description sheet and explain the information
provided.
c. Explain the following terms and tell when you would use them: attack
point, collecting feature, aiming off, contouring, reading ahead, handrail,
relocation, rough versus fine orienteering.
Merit Badge Requirements
7. Do the following:
a. Take part in three orienteering events. One of these must be a crosscountry course.*
b. After each event, write a report with (1) a copy of the master map and
control description sheet, (2) a copy of the route you took on the course,
(3) a discussion of how you could improve your time between control
points, and (4) a list of your major weaknesses on this course . Describe
what you could do to improve.
8. Do ONE of the following:
a. Set up a cross-country course of at least 2,000 meters long with at
least five control markers. Prepare the master map and control
description sheet.
b. Set up a score-orienteering course with 12 control points and a time
limit of at least 60 minutes. Prepare the master map and control
description sheet.
9. Act as an official during an orienteering event. This may be during the
running of the course you set up for requirement 8.
10. Teach orienteering techniques to your patrol, troop or crew.
First Aid
cuts, scratches, blisters, snakebite, insect stings, tick bites, heat and cold
reactions (sunburn, heatstroke, heat exhaustion, hypothermia), and
dehydration
First Aid
Identify poisonous plants and poisonous animals that are found in your area.
Poison Ivy
Wash affected area immediately
Calamine lotion can help relieve itching
eastern Massasuga rattlesnake
The massasauga can be characterized
as a shy, sluggish snake. Its thick body is
colored with a pattern of dark brown
slightly rectangular patches set against a
light gray-to-brown background
What is Orienteering ?
Orienteering is a sport involving navigation with map and compass. It's
easy to learn, but always challenging. The object is to run, walk, ski, or
mountain bike to a series of points shown on the map, choosing
routes —both on and off trail—that will help you find all the points and
get back to the finish in the shortest amount of time. The points on the
course are marked with orange and white flags and punches, so you
can prove you've been there. Each “control” marker is located on a
distinct feature, such as a stream junction or the top of a knoll.
How does a compass work?
Topographical Map
Map Colors
a.
Black. Indicates cultural (man-made) features such as buildings and
roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels.
b. Red-Brown. The colors red and brown are combined to identify cultural
features, all relief features, non-surveyed spot elevations, and elevation,
such as contour lines on red-light readable maps.
c. Blue. Identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes, swamps,
rivers, and drainage.
d. Green. Identifies vegetation with military significance, such as woods,
orchards, and vineyards.
e. Brown. Identifies all relief features and elevation, such as contours on
older edition maps, and cultivated land on red-light readable maps.
f. Red. Classifies cultural features, such as populated areas, main roads,
and boundaries, on older maps.
g. Other. Occasionally other colors may be used to show special
information. These are indicated in the marginal information as a rule.
Topographical Map
North Star (Polaris)
Contour Lines
Terrain Features
Terrain Features
Hill—a point or small area of
high ground. When you are on
a hilltop, the ground slopes
down in all directions.
Ridge—a line of high ground with
height variations along its crest.
The ridge is not simply a line of
hills; all points of the ridge crest are
higher than the ground on both
sides of the ridge.
Terrain Features
Valley—reasonably level ground bordered
on the sides by higher ground. A valley may
or may not contain a stream course. A
valley generally has maneuver room within
its confines. Contour lines indicating a
valley are U—shaped and tend to parallel a
stream before crossing it. The course of the
contour line crossing the stream always
points upstream.
Saddle—a dip or low point along the
crest of a ridge. A saddle is not
necessarily the lower ground between
two hilltops; it may be a break along
an otherwise level ridge crest.
Terrain Features
Depression—a low point or hole
in the ground, surrounded on all
sides by higher ground.
Draw—similar to a valley, except
that it normally is a less developed
stream course in which there is
generally no level ground and,
therefore, little or no maneuver
room. The ground slopes upward on
each side and toward the head of
the draw.
Terrain Features
Spur—a usually short,
continuously sloping line of higher
ground, normally jutting out from
the side of a ridge. A spur is often
formed by two thoroughly parallel
streams cutting draws down the
side of a ridge
Cliff—a vertical or near-vertical
slope. A cliff may be shown on a map
by contour lines being close
together, touching, or by a ticked
"carrying" contour line. The ticks
always point toward lower ground.
Terrain Features
Estimating Heights
Declination Angle
The North Magnetic Pole is slowly
drifting across the Canadian Arctic. It
is moving approximately northwest at
40 km per year.
SOUTHERN
MICHIGAN
ORIENTEERING
CLUB
http://www.michigano.org/