Transcript Document

非谓语动词考点归纳
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,
又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
一、不定式
可充当成分:
主语 , 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语.
不定式运用口诀
不定式在七个感官动词see,
hear, feel, watch,
find, notice, listen to, 三个使役动词
本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。
let, have, make等后作宾补时,to要省略
样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。
大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，
作主宾时用“it”,
自己在后把身藏。
七个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开；
疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；
逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb. ;
to前not是否定， 各种用法区别开。
1.不定式作主语
To lose your heart means failure.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
To do two things at a time is to do neither．
2.不定式作宾语
You needn't bother to come yourself.
They are considering what to do next.
Some who were famous in their own times
would find it difficult to achieve success
today.
1. I think you’ll grow ________ him when you
know him better.
A．liking
B．to be like
C．to like
D．to be liking
2. I don’t know whether you happen
, but
I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September .
A．to be heard
B．to be hearing
C．to hear
D．to have heard
3.不定式作表语


What she wants to do most now is (to) travel
abroad.
The most important thing is to take measures
to prevent the pollution. 主语的内容或性质
He is to marry Rose.
表按计划要做的事情.
4.不定式作定语



I need a pen to write with.
Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the
Atlantic alone.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very
important.
5.不定式作宾语补足语
We often hear her sing the song at home.
My teacher asked me to go there on time.
She was considered to have stolen the money.
see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、
observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、
have
My advisor encouraged______ a summer course
to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking
C. for me to take
B. me taking
D. me to take
6. 不定式作目的状语
Tim sat near the fire to get warm.
The athletes practised hard to win the match.
相当于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引导的
目的状语.
1. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the
music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
2．All these gifts must be mailed immediately
_______ in time for Christmas.
A．in order to have received
B．in order to receive
C．so as to be received
D．so as to be receiving
3. _________ more about university courses, call
(920) 746-3789.
A．To find out
B．Finding out
C．Find out
D．Having found out
4. It was unbelievable that the fans waited
outside the gym for three hours just _______ a
look at the sports stars.
A. had
B. having C. to have
D. have
7.不定式作结果状语

常用enough to，only to，never to，so + 形容
词/副词 + as to, such + 名词… as to do引导。
Would you be so kind as to step this way, please?
I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.
He is brave enough to go out alone at night
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
1. The news reporters hurried to the airport ,
only________ the film stars had left.
A．to tell
B．to be told
C．telling
D．told
2. He hurried to the station only ______ that the
train had left.
A.to find
B. finding
C. found
D. to have found
8. 不定式作原因状语
常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后
I am happy to see you.
She was sad to hear the bad news.
9.不定式的完成式.
表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓
语动词发出的动作。
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be
believed、be thought、be known、be reported等
动词常用于上面句型。
此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、
surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要
注意与一般时的区别。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.
对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）
1. You were silly not ____ your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
2. I don’t know whether you happen
, but I’m
going to study in the U.S.A. this September .
A．to be heard
B．to be hearing
C．to hear
D．to have heard
3. ---- Is Bob still performing?
---- I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage
already as he has become an official .
A. to have left
B. to leave
C. to have been left
D. to be left
10. 不定式的省略现象

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不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch,
notice, look at , listen to, 和使役动词 have,
make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略
to 。
例 I watched him disappear in the distance.
介词but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，
介词前有行为动词do ,不定式要省去to。
例 We did nothing but/except wait then.

不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分
有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。
例: What I want to do now is find some
books to read.
1. A computer does only what thinking people
_________.
A. have it do
B. have it done
C. have done it
D. having it done
2. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have
no choice but _____ a taxi.
A. to take
B. taking
C. take
D. taken
11. 不定式后动词的省略

动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish,
expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse,
prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted,
happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，
常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式
符号。
1.--- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with
me tonight.
--- ______.
A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with
you tonight .
B. I’d love to, but I have an exam tomorrow.
C. No, I wouldn’t
D. That’s all right
2.--- Does your brother intend to study Germany?
--- Yes, he intends ________.
A. /
B. to
C. so
D. that
句式 would have done …, should have done…,
ought to have done…, needn’t have done …, used
to be …等省略形式为 would have , should have ,
ought to have, needn’t have , used to be, 要保留不
定式后的be或have。
例 ---Are you a sailor ?
--- No, but I used to be (a sailor ).
1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I don’t know ___.
A. to do it
B. how to
C. what to do it
D. how to do
2. His voice made me _____ terrible.
A. To feel
B. feel
C. feels
D. felt
3. My parents told me ____ people when they are in trouble.
A. never laugh at
B. not to laugh at
C. don’t laugh at
D. not laugh at
4. It’s bad manners ____ rude to people.
A. to be
B. are
C. be
D. to being
5. It’s interesting _____ us to take part in the games.
A. of
B. to
C. for
D. at
6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ___ it
more difficult.
A not make
B not to make
C not making
D do not make
7.I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ___ in my
new job.
A. expected
C to be expecting
B. to expect
D expects
8.Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
9. I would love ___ to the party last night but I had to work
extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
二、动名词

充当成分:
主语 宾语 表语 定语
1. 动名词作主语



Seeing is believing.
Playing chess is fun.
It's no use waiting here.
2. 动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.

The nurse is looking after the patients.
3. 动名词作宾语


①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,
finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy,
require, practise, miss, escape, pardon,
advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate,
escape, permit。
Do you mind my opening the windows?
②下列动词短语接动名词：
leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel
like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.
devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be
fond of, be worth。
I am used to watching TV in the evening.

4. 动名词作定语


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

动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词
没有逻辑上的主谓关系.
reading text
a sleeping bag
a walking stick
running water
developed country
5. 动名词的时态和语态




I am used to watching TV in the evening.
She regret not having studied the computer
hard.
His being looked down upon made him sick.
I can't really stand being treated like that.
接不定式和动名词的比较：
go on to do★做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事
Having finished the exercises, we went on to
learn the new words in the next unit. 做完练习以
后，我们继续学习下一单元的单词。
go on doing★继续做同一件事。
Though it was raining heavily, they went on
working, 尽管天下着大雨，他们仍然继续工作。
mean to do★想要做某事
I didn't mean to hurt you. 我并不想要伤害你。
mean doing★意味着要有一个结果
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。
regret to do★对即将要做的事表示遗憾
I regret to say I must leave tomorrow. 很遗憾，我
明天必须离开了。
regret doing★对所做的事感到后悔
I regret not having told her earlier.没能更早地告诉
她，我很后悔。
remember to do ★讲的是将来的事，表示“不要忘
记”
Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开
时记得要锁门。
remember doing ★讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”
I remember posting that letter. 我记得寄了那封信。
forget to do★忘记要做某事
She nearly forgot to give the porter a tip for his
service. 她几乎忘记给行李搬运工付小费。
forget doing★忘记以前曾做过的事
I'll never forget meeting my school headmaster
for the first time. 我永远忘不了和我小学校长初次见面
的情景。
stop to do★停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事
While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at
times. 工作的时候，他不时停下来和汤姆谈话。
stop doing★停止正在做的事
When the teacher came into the classroom, the
pupils stopped talking. 教师走进教室的时候，小学生
们停止了说话。
try to do★设法做某事
I must try to get everything
ready before he arrives. 在他到
来之前，我必须尽力把一切都准备
好。
try doing★试验做某事
Would you please try doing
that again? 请你再试一次好吗？
☆need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接动词
-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无
差别，但用动词-ing形式比较普通。
Your composition needs correcting / to be
corrected.
你的作文需要修改。
His coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
他的外套需要洗了。
The old woman requires looking after
carefully/to be looked after carefully.
这个老大娘需要细心地照料。
高考点击
1. The man insisted________ a taxi for me even
though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find
B. to find
C. on finding
D. in finding
2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job
interview. _______ the answers ready will be of
great help.
A. To have had
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
3. I really can't understand ______ her like
that.
A.you treat
B. you to treat
C. why treat
D. you treating
4. He got well-prepared for the job interview,
for he couldn’t risk _______ the good
opportunity.
A.to lose
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. being lost
三、分词
现在分词与过去分词.
 充当成分:
 宾语补足语,表语, 定语, 状语.

1. 现在分词作状语
现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条
件、结果等状语。
V-ing 形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、
让步、伴随或陪衬等含义, 相当于一个对应的状语从句
所表达的意思.
Walking in the street, I came across an
old friend.
= When I was walking in the street, I
came across an old friend.
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
=As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
Laughing and talking, they went into
the classroom.
（方式）
If you use your head, you will find a
way.
=Using your head, you will find a way.
Though weighing almost one hundred jin,
the box was lifted by him with one hand.
= Though it weighes …
We were sitting by the window,talking
about what happened yesterday.(伴随）
1.当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作
解析
发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done
2. v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主
语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语
如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该动词-ing形式必须
有自己的逻辑主语，
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
Weather permitting, the football match will
be played on Friday.
有一些固定的动词-ing形式短语，如generally speaking,
judging from...,considering..., talking of..., supposing...
等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种动词-ing短
语可当作一个插入语。Generally speaking, boys are more
interested in science than girls.一般说来
Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.从
他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大.
Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him
attend the concert for free.考虑到他是多么的穷，我们决定
让他免费听音乐会。
注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。
①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，
如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式
having done。
②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主
谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进
行，被动完成”。
③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的
主语。

1. ______ the programme, they have to stay there
for another two weeks.
• Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not completing D. Not having completed
2．The manager, _______ it clear to us that he
didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A．who has made
B．having made
C．made
D．making
3．The storm left , ______a lot of damage to this
area .
A．caused
B．to have caused
C．to cause
D．having caused
4．______from other continents for millions of
years ,Australia has many plants and animals
not found in any other country in the world.
A．Being separated
B．Having separated
C．Having been separated
D．To be separated
2. 现在分词作定语
1. The picture_____ on the wall is painted by
my nephew.
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
2．Reading is an experience quite different
from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in
your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
3. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden
attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
1. 过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从
句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。
分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑
上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的
主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：
Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home
looking after him.
过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景
或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。
一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
a、表示时间
Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
b、表示条件
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain
fresh.
If they are kept in refrigerator, these
vegetables will remain fresh.
c、表示原因
As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
d、表示伴随情况
She walked out of the house, and was followed
by her little daughter.
She walked out of the house, followed by her little
daughter.
e、表示让步
Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused
to let out the secret.
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secre
1．______ with the size of the whole earth , the
biggest ocean does not seem big at all .
A．Compare
B．When comparing
C．Comparing
D．When compared
2. ________ in the mountains for a week, the
two students were finally saved by the local
police
A. Having lost
B. Lost
C. Being lost
D. Losing
2. 过去分词作定语
1. Linda worked for the Minnesota
Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____
as 3M.
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known
3. 分词作宾补


1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get,
keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want,
start, notice, observe, watch, set等
2) 在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说
明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主
谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是
动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
如:

There was so much noise that the speaker
couldn’t make himself heard.

When he awoke, he found himself being
looked after by an old woman.
1. Don’t leave the water______ while you brush
your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
2. Laws that punish parents for their little
children’s actions against the laws get
parents
.
A.worried
B. to worry
C. worrying
D. worry
3. You should understand the traffic rule by
now. You've had it _______ often enough.
A. explaining
B. to explain
C. explain
D. explained
非谓语动词的其他考点:
1. 主语一致
1. Having been attacked by terrorists,
________.
A. doctors cane to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warnings were given to tourists
2．While watching television, __________.
A．the doorbell rang
B．the doorbell rings
C．we heard the doorbell ring
D．we heard the doorbell rings
2. with的复合结构
doing
with + 名词+
to do
done
1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise
__________.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
2．________ and no way to reduce her pain and
suffering from the terrible disease, the patient
sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A．Having given up hope of cure
B．With no hope for cure
C．There being hope for cure
D．In the hope of cure
非谓语动词练习
–Can you spare me some time? –
I'm afraid not. I have lots of letters
_____.
A.doing with
B. to do for
C. to deal
D. to deal with
I can't understand _____ at that poor
child.
A.you to laugh B. you laughing
C. you laugh D. why laugh
Don’t use words, expressions or
phrases _____ only to people with
specific knowledge. 02
A.being knownB. having known
C. to be knownD. known
_____ to sunlight for too much time
will do harm to one’s skin. 02
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Being exposedD. After being exposed
The discovery of new evidence led
to _____. 03
A.the thief having caught
B.B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught
D. the thief to be caught
Generally speaking, when _____
according to the directions, the
drug has no side effect. 03
A.taking B. taken
C. to take D. to be taken
______ more attention,the trees
could have grown better.
A.To give
B.Having given
C.Given
D.Giving
I would love ______ to the party last
night but I had to work extra hours
to finish a report.
A.to go
B.to have gone
C.going
D.having gone
There is a new problem involved in
the popularity of private cars _____
road conditions need _____. 03
A. that, to be improved
B. which, to be improved
C. where, improving
D. when, improving
The day we looked forward to
______ .
A.come
B.coming
C.has come
D.have come
The disc, digitally _____ in the
studio, sounded fantastic at the
party. 04
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having
recorded
She set out soon after dark,
home
an hour later.
A．arriving
B．to arrive
C．having arrived
D．and arrived
The students expected there______
more reviewing classes before the
find exam.
A．is
B．being
C．have been
D．to be
_____ into use in April 2000, the
hotline was meant for residents
reporting water and heating supply
breakdowns. 05
A.Put
B. Putting
C. Having put D. Being put
He is rather difficult to make friends
with, but the friendship of his,
_____, is truer than any other.
A. once gained
B. when to gain
C. after gained D. while gaining
The first textbooks _____ for
teaching English as a foreign
language came out in the 16th
century.
A.having been written B. to be
written C. being written D. written
The visiting minister expressed his
satisfaction with the talks, _____
that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A.having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
The bell _____ the end of the class
rang, _____ our heated discussion.
01
A.indicating, interrupting
B. indicated, interrupting
C. indicating, interrupted
D. indicated, interrupted
The salesman scolded the girl
caught _____ and left her off.
A.to have stolen B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
The old man, _________abroad for
twenty years, is on the way back to
his motherland. (04江苏卷)
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked D. having worked
–You were brave enough to raise
objections at the meeting.
–Well, now I regret _____ that.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having done
Is this the watch you wish _____?
A.to have repaired
B. B. to repair it
C. to have it repaired
D. will be repaired
This is the problem _____ at the next
meeting.
A.to discuss
B. to be discussed
C. discussed
D. being discussed
_____ many times, but he still couldn't
understand it.
A.Having been told
B. Though he had been told
C. He was told
D. Having told
With many troublesome problems, such
as unemployment and crime _______,
the mayor seems to be at a loss.
A.remained to solve B. remaining to
be solved C. remained to be solved
D. remaining to solve
Professor Smith is said _____
another important discovery in
chemistry.
A.having made
B. making
C. to have made D. to make
They used what they had _____ for
their daughter.
A. to buy a new dress
B. buying a new clothes
C. bought a new suit
D. buy a new clothing
The little girl came, _____ a cake
with two _____ candles on it.
A. bringing; lit B. carrying; lighted
C. brought; lit D. brought; lighted
Technology has made the delivery of
information less difficult, thus
_____ information available to
more people.
A.to make B. made
C. making D. to have made
His poor _____ English prevented
him _____.
A.spoken; from understanding
B. spoken; from being understood
C. speaking; from understanding
D. speaking; from being understood
–Who are those people with the
banners (标语)?
–A group _____ itself the league for
peace. A. calling B. call
C. called
D. is called
You were silly not
your car.
(04湖南卷)
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
When he came back, he found the
bag he had ______ over the seat
was gone.
A.left to hand
B. left hanging
C. left hung
D. to leave hanging