Transcript moodle.usd465.com

Nationalism
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The belief that
national interests and
national unity should
be placed ahead of
global cooperation
and affairs should be
guided by national
self-interest.
Militarism
●
Developoment of
armed forces and
their use as a tool of
diplomacy
Setting the Stage
Part One:
American Background
President Woodrow Wilson
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Progressive Leader
Believed that Power
must yield to
Morality
Won a Second Term
in Office because he
kept the U.S. Out of
the War
Isolationism
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Atlantic Ocean
provided a buffer
from the problems in
Europe.
U.S. And Mexico
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1910- Mexican
Revolution –
Francisco Madero
1913 – Coup led by
General Victoriano
Huerta
U.S. Refused to
recognize Huerta
U.S. Intervention
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April 19 1914 – U.S.
Sailors are arrested at
Tampico
Mexican government
quickly release the
sailors
U.S. Intervention con't.
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Naval Commander
demands that the
Mexicans salute U.S.
Flag
Refusal
U.S. Intervention Con't.
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U.S. Marines occupy
Tampico
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19 – U.S. Dead
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200-Mexican Dead
Mexican Politics
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Huerta leaves office
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Civil war insues
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U.S. Declares
Neutrality
2nd U.S. Intervention
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Pancho Villa
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Columbus, NM
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17 dead
2nd U.S. Intervention Con't.
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Gen. John J. Pershing
18,000 troops ( 1/3 of
U.S. Army) enter
Mexico in search of
Villa
1917 U.S. Forces pull
out after unsuccesful
search
Setting the Stage
Part two:
The Run-up to War
France and Germany
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Germany defeated
France twice in last
50 years
Germany took
Alsace-Lorraine in
1871
Germany was
youngest European
power
Russia & Austria-Hungary
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Russia-Protector of
European Slavic
Peoples
Austria-Hungary-had
millions of Slavs
(Serbs)
A-H also an old and
dieing Empire
Europe Divided-1890
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Germany-Strongest
Military Nation
U.K.-Strongest Navy
France-Weak but
talked big
Europe Divided-Alliances
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Triple Entente
(Allies)-France, U.K.,
Russia (also had
alliance with Serbia)
Triple AllianceGermany, AustriaHungary, Ottoman
Empire & Italy*
Italy switched sides in 1915
And So It Begins
The Five Week Crisis
June 28 – August 1
June 28, 1914
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Sarajevo, Bosina
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand is
assassinated by
Gavrilo Princip
July 6, 1914
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Germany gives
Austria-Hungary a
“Blank Cheque”
Germany will back AH to the hilt
July 23, 1914
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Austria-Hungary
gives ultimatum to
Serbia to allow A-H
to take over some of
their land
July 25, 1914
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Serbia mobilises but
sends a note agreeing
to Austria-Hungary's
demands
Austria-Hungary also
mobilises
July 28, 1914
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Austria-Hungary
declares war on Serbs
July 31, 1914
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Russia Moblizespartial then general
August 1, 1914
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Germany Declares
war on Russia
(Schlieffen Plan)
Germany also
declares war on
France on August 3
Stagnation
Western_Front_stagnation.jpg
This Is War!
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Trench warfare
No-mans land – Mud,
shellcraters, barbed
wire
1st Battle of the Somme
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July 1, 1916 – MidNovember
UK lost 60,000 men 1st day
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650,000 -Germans
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420,000 – British
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200,000 - French
Blockades
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Use of Naval power
to prevent military
goods and food
UK blockade was the
most successful
(750,000 German
Starve to death)
Blockades
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German U-boats
All ships headed for
UK would be sunk
75,000 British lost
lives
The Russian Revolution
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Lenin
Lusitania
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May 7, 1915
Zimmerman Telegram
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Germany offered
“lost lands in
America” to Mexico
for alliance against
U.S.
Caused U.S. To enter
war
Mobilization?
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Not a large army
(only 200,000 in
active service)
Selective Service Act
(Draft) age 21-23
Needed training and
weapons
How do we get the troops there?
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Build more ships
Fabrication-used
standard parts built
elsewhere &
assemble them in the
shipyards
Convoy system
Did U.S. Troops Turn the Tide?
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German army
counted on winning
before U.S. Troops
arrived
Lots of fresh,
enthusiastic U.S.
soldiers
Weapons of WWI
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Gas
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Zeppelin
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Machine Gun
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Air Plane
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Tank
Homefront
Part Three:
The War at Home
Anti-immigrant Hysteria
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Attacked GermanAmericans
Refused to play Mozart,
Bach or Beethoven
Removed books with
German authors
Lynched people that had
“German sounding
names”
Espionage & Sedition Acts
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Fine $10,000 and/or 20
years in jail
Interfering with draft
Obstructing sale of war
bonds
Saying anything disloyal,
profane or abusive about
the war effort or
government
African-American Migration
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1 million blacks left
the south for Chicago,
NY, Philadelphia and
other large cities to
work in war effort
The End is in Sight
Part Four:
Victory and the Versailles Treaty
November 9, 1918
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Due to lack of food
and supplies German
people in Berlin and
other cities rebelled
against Kaiser and
declared a Republic
VICTORY IN EUROPE
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11:00, November 11,
1918
Armisist
Wilson's Fourteen Points
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No Secret Treaties
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Freedom of the Seas
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Free Trade
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Military's should be
lowered to the lowest point
to ensure domestic safety
Colonial interests should
consider the interests of the
colonial people
Wilson's Fourteen Points con't
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Next 8 dealt with boundary
changes for selfdetermination
14th point was the League
of Nations-Wilson's
favorite
The Fourteen points are
what led many Germans to
stop fighting
The Treaty of Versailles
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Allies wanted to
“make Germany pay”
Created 9 new
nationsCzechoslovakia,
Yugoslavia, Poland,
Austria, Hungary,
Failure at Versailles
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Wilson compromised
everything to get the
League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
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Provisions
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Result
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Demilitarize Germany
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100,000 Man Army-Humiliation
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Return Alsace-Loraine to France
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Loss of Valuable land
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Reparations($32 billion)
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Wreaked German Economy
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War Guilt Clause
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Humiliation
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De-militarize Rhineland for 15 yrs
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Loss of Protection
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French use of Saar Coal Mines
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Loss of Income – Humiliation
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Loss of Colonial Possessions
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Loss of Income
Weakness of Treaty
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Poor treatment of Germany
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Humiliation
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Huge reperations
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Russia was not included in Treaty
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Germany was stripped of Colonies that could
help it pay
No true self-determination
German Reaction
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Shock
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Refused to Sign
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Wrote a 443 page
protest of terms that
violated 14 points
Finally signed on
June 28, 1919
Cost of War
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26 million dead
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20 million wounded
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Lost generation
Flu epidemic
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500,000 Americans
die between 1918 &
1919
¼ of U.S. Population
sick
40 million die world
wide
Allied Expeditionary Force
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8,000 U.S. & U.K
troops sent to Russia
in Aug. 1918 to try to
create a second front
and to get rid of the
Communists
Soviets never forgave
us for “invasion”