Transcript Solarchill

Solar Cooling &
The SolarChill Project
Main meeting of The OzonAction Networks for Latin America and the Caribbean
Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 6 October 2011
Alvaro Zurita, GIZ
Projects funded by
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SOLAR COOLING
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Motivation for solar cooling
 Savings in primary energy consumption
 Reduction in peak electricity power demand
 Reduction in CO2 emissions
 Refrigerants without global warming potential;
favorable: water
 All-season use of the solar thermal system:
heating, cooling, domestic hot water
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Market
Huge market in regions with DNI > 1500 kWh/m²/a
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Worldwide increase of (large) solar cooling
solutions
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Types of Solar Cooling
 Solar open-loop A/C using desiccants
 Passive solar cooling
 Solar closed-loop absorption and adsorption
cooling
 Photovoltaic (PV) solar cooling
 Geothermal cooling
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Solar Cooling – explained
Thermal
Energy
Cooling
Machine
Building
 Solar cooling requires higher temperature than solar heating (> 150C)
 Advanced solar technologies (Fresnel collectors) and absorption
technologies required to reach good efficiencies (high air conditioning
output with limited available area (roof tops) for solar panel
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Basic Principle
Parabolic Trough Collector
Fresnel Collector
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Fresnel collectors as heat generators for cooling machine
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Heat driven absorption cooling cycle
NO compressor !
Ammonia/Water or Water/Lithium Bromide
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Recent Installations
© Arup Associates
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Technology Introduction
IS Fresnel collectors are designed to generate heat at 130 - 400 °C
250 - 450 °C
Fresnel
Utility scale power generation
industrial process heat
„Process Heat“
130 - 220 °C
90 - 130 °C
40 - 80 °C
Fresnel
Vacuum tube
Parabolic collector
Flat plate collectors
Industrial process heat solar cooling
commercial water heating
distributed power generation
Solar cooling (single stage)
Low temperature process heat
Domestic water heating, space heating
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Solar Cooling - Jordan
 Title: Solar refrigeration in industrial
and commercial applications in Jordan
 Objective: Demonstrate feasibility and
suitability of solar power for refrigeration
in Jordan and the region;
 Expected outcome:
 innovative technology demonstrated,
 local knowledge established for replication,
 min. 1 lighthouse project up and running;
 potential for application and replication explored
 Official, governmental partner: Ministry of Environment; NOU
 Project duration: 2011-2014
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Project goals
 Reduction of direct and indirect GHG-emissions:
670 tCO2eq/a (20,000 tCO2eq over 30 years life time).
 Demonstration of state-of-the-art technology
 Establishment of
technology partnerships
 Elaboration of instruments
and guidelines for replication
 Monitoring: establishment
of a reliable monitoring
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THE SOLARCHILL
PROJECT
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www.solarchill.org
(not updated)
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Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered refrigerators
 Complete the technical development of existing SolarChill prototypes
-> to make the SolarChill concept suitable for use in temperatures over
45°C.
 support for set-up of a production line at the local manufacturer Palfridge
(Swaziland)
 Emission reductions:
 Direct: every operational SolarChill unit avoids refrigerant emissions of
approx. 0.2 tonnes CO2eq during lifetime usage.
 Indirect: 0.5 tonnes CO2eq /a per appliance (from avoided use of
fossil fuels for electricity generation)
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Swaziland
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a small country in Southern Africa
Population: 1,185,000
most Swazis live in rural homesteads
the principal occupation is either
subsistence farming or livestock
herding
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Why Southern Africa?
Why Swaziland?
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69% of the population lives in poverty
highest HIV infection rate in the world (26% of all adults)
Tuberculosis a significant problem, 18% mortality rate
lowest life expectancy in the world at 31.88 years
There is the need for a sustainable solution for
refrigerating vaccines and food!
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Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered
refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI)
& HC R-600a
Commercial
Merchandiser
(LC 86)
Domestic
Unit (LS 150)
Medical Unit
(MC 72)
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The philosophy
 Sustainability
 Simplicity
 Safety
 Reliability
 Robustness
 Affordability
 During sunlight, energy from the sun is converted
into electrical energy, which is used to cool the
unit.
 Excess energy is stored in a ballast load and is
used during low light conditions.
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Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered
refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI)
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Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered
refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI)
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Cost of refrigerators
MODEL
Panels
Items
Panels Refrigerator
Total
Cost - €
Cost - €
Cost - €
LC 86
Merchandiser
2 x 90w panels
550
808
1,358
MT 150
Domestic
2 x 90w panels
550
924
1,474
MC 72
Medical
2 x 90w panels
550
1,089
1,639
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MC72-Medical Unit
 Perfect equipment for hospitals, clinics,
and ambulances.
 Chest type unit, 2 compartments:
Vaccine storage + Freezer
 Mechanical damper regulates the
amount of cooling and keeps it 2°- 8°C.
 Dampers and controller are preset to
achieve optimum vaccine temperatures
in all ambient temperature conditions.
 Ample insulation also allows for
vaccines and medicines to be safely
stored for extended periods of time in
low light conditions.
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Operating Principles
VACCINE
COMPARTMENT
(2°C – 8°C)
ICE PACK
COMPARTMENT
(-18°C)
COOLPLATES
VACCINE
STORAGE
BASKET
ICE PACKS
REFRIGERANT
COIL
DAMPERS
BALLAST LOAD
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LC86-Commercial Merchandiser
 This is a commercial
merchandiser comprising of
controller and Danfoss BD35k
compressor.
 Beverages are stored in shelf
suspended from the top of the
cabinet.
 The unit has a ballast load. The
remainder of the space is filled
with products.
 The controller is pre-set to
achieve optimum beverage
temperatures in all ambient
temperature conditions.
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LS150-Domestic
 Unit is designed for the storage of
fresh food, and is aimed primarily at
rural homesteads and areas with
intermittent power supply from the
national grid.
 It is a single door design with
separate fridge and freezer
compartments that are able to
maintain temperatures from 2-9°C.
 Ample insulation also allows for food
to be safely stored for extended
periods of time in low light conditions.
 The controller is preset to achieve
optimum fresh food temperatures in
all ambient temperature conditions.
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Next Steps: New design…new challenges.
We need to preserve medicine food & beverages for human
consumption at high ambient temperatures ( 48°C ) using solar energy
without the use of chemical storage batteries.
Optimization of the product MC72
Result: an upgraded product MC73 with following improvement :
 significantly larger vaccine storage volume (above 50 l)
 significant reduced power consumption through utilising a new type of
evaporator integrated with the ice keeping department
 completely battery free operation
 self cleaning condensor
 full conformity with the WHO specifications
-> Agreement with NGO and distribution in Southern Africa
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Thank you!
Contact:
Alvaro Zurita
Proklima International
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg1-5
65760 Eschborn, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.gtz.de/proklima
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