Transcript The Presidency of James Madison

Political Parties
• Distrusted political parties – many were
interested in personal gain and not
public good.
• George Washington warned it would
lead to “jealousies.”
• Started with the disagreements
between Alexander Hamilton
(Federalist) and Thomas Jefferson
(Republican)
• People started to take sides
Federalists (Hamilton) Believed:
• Wealthy and well educated should
lead the nation
• Strong central government
• Emphasized manufacturing,
shipping, trade and urban
environment.
• Pro-British
• National Bank
Republicans (Jefferson)
Believed:
• People should have political
power
• Strong state government
• Emphasized agriculture
• Pro-French
• Opposed a National Bank
Election of 1796
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
Adams and Jefferson
• First met at the Second
Continental Congress (1775)
• Both died on July 4th 1826: 50th
Anniversary of the Signing of the
Declaration of Independence
• Lifelong friends
John Adams (2nd President)
• Federalist
–Raised taxes to repay debt
and army
• Alien and Sedition Acts
–Lengthened term of
citizenship and made it
legal for the president to
deport people
Thomas Jefferson (3rd President)
• Adams’ Vice President
• Anti – Federalist
–Republican Party
• Lowered Taxes
–Decreased the army
–Hoped import taxes
would pay debts
Thomas Jefferson
• Louisiana Purchase
–Doubled the size of
the nation
–Purchased from
France for $15
million
–Wanted control of
the Mississippi River
Results of the Election of 1796
• Rule: The person with the most electoral
votes became President. The 2nd highest
score was made Vice President.
• Adams (Federalist) received the
most votes and Jefferson
(Republican) came in 2nd.
• The President and Vice President
were from different political parties.
Problem in Election of 1800
• Republican: Thomas Jefferson for
President and Aaron Burr Vice
President.
• Jefferson and Burr tied. The House of
Representatives then voted and
Jefferson won.
• The 12th amendment was then made to
require electors to vote separately for
the President and Vice President.
James Madison- President
During the War of 1812
• Virginian lawyer and
student of history
• Wrote a large part of
the U.S. Constitution
• Stood barely 5’4” and
120 pounds but, an
intellectual ahead of
his time
Causes for the War of 1812
• British sailors sail on American ships
because they are treated better and get
paid very well
• Needing more sailors (due to fighting
with France and America) the British
navy takes British and American sailors
to sail on British ships.
• This is called impressment (practice of
forcing people into service)
Causes for the War of 1812
• The U.S. had a desire to expand
into more territory, like British
Canada
• wanted to prove to Britain that
the victory of the American
Revolution was not luck.
• Americans demand respect from
the world.
American Weaknesses
• The military is poorly trained
• The navy is no match for the
British navy
• American forces attempt to seize
Canada but unsuccessful
• Americans are forced to fight a
defensive war against an invading
professional army
The British Burn the Capital
• August 1814, the British Army
invades the United States and
marches on Washington D.C.
• After a brief fight the city surrenders
and nearly all government buildings
are set fire (including the White
House)
To Anacreon in Heaven
To Anacreon in Heav'n, where he sat in
full glee, A few Sons of Harmony sent a
petition; That he their Inspirer and
Patron wou'd be; When this answer
arrived from the Jolly Old Grecian;
"Voice, Fiddle, and Flute, No longer be
mute, I'll lend you my name and inspire
you to boot, And besides I'll instruct
you like me, to intwine, The Myrtle of
Venus with Bacchus's Vine."
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8KcHg5ZOIgU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfu0WSy6KGE
Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,
What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last
gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the
perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly
streaming?
And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in
air,
Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still
there.
O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave
“The Star Spangled Banner”
• Francis Scott Key, a prisoner on a British
barge witnessed the British bombardment of
Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, for 12 hours
• In the morning he observed that the American
flag still flew over the fort and writes a poem
called “The Defense of Ft McHenry” it
eventually becomes a song “The Star
Spangled Banner”
• Americans rally to the war effort after the
capital is burnt down
The Hartford Convention
• Connecticut fears that the war is
lost and actually talk about
becoming another country
The Battle of New Orleans
Americans:
• Led by General Andrew Jackson.
• American forces- multicultural group of
experienced soldiers and warriors
(Native American and African
Americans)
• Dug trenches to defend themselves.
Results of the Battle of New Orleans
• Killed more than 2,000 British
soldiers.
• Only 7 Americans died.
• People assume that this victory is
responsible for ending the war.
The funny thing….
• The battle started on January 8th
1815… almost three weeks after
The Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent
• John Quincy Adams summed it up
best: “Nothing was adjusted, nothing
was settled.”
• Went back to pre-war conditions.
• The war is considered Status quo
ante bellum
–“in which things were before the
war”
The Impact of the War of 1812
•
•
•
A sense of nationalism sweeps America.
Nationalism is a belief and sense of pride
in one’s country based on it’s
achievements.
The nation will embark on foreign trade
and begin to build a transportation system
in the United States.
Native American resistance will be
removed from the Ohio River Valley
permanently opening the Midwest for
expansion.