Transcript CHAPTER 1: NEW WORLD BEGINNINGS

CHAPTER 1: EXPLORATION,
DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT
By: Tazrin Tripti
SHAPING OF NORTH AMERICA
BERING LAND BRIDGE
Small settlement
 Natives lived in
small, scattered
and
impermanent
settlements.
Women tended
crops while men
hunted, fished
and gathered
fuels.
VS
Large Societies
 Few tribes developed
complex cultures such
as the Pueblos who
lived in multistoried
buildings and
gathered developed
intricate irrigation
system of farming.
fuels.
 Cahokia- largest with
30,000 inhabitants
 Iroquois tribes formed
the League of the
Iroquois, which stood
attacks from opposing
Native Americans and
Europeans.
 Due to the Renaissance, there was an
increase in scientific knowledge and
technological change. There was also
improvements in shipbuilding and
mapmaking.
 The New World was accidentley discovered
by Europeans when in search of a shorter
route to Asia. During the Crusades,
Europeans acquired a taste for the exotic
delights of Asia. In search for a less
expensive route to the riches of Asia,
Europeans stumbled across the Americas.
TRADE ROUTES WITH THE EAST
EARLY EXPLORATIONS
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Columbus was financed by Spanish monarchs, Isabella and
Ferdinand, to to sail westward seeking for a new gateway to the
Indies. There Columbus came in contact with an island in the
Bahamas which he mistook for the Indies.
Vasco da Gama was the first explorer to sail through the
southmost tip of Africa to reach India.
Vasco Nunez Balboa- Discovered the Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan- The first to sail through the southmost tip of
South America, although he was killed in the Phillippines one of his
vessels sailed home, completing the first circumnavigation of the
globe.
Juan Ponce de Leon- Explored Florida although he first thought it
was an island.
Francisco Coronado- Explored Arizona and New Mexico discovering
the Grand Canyon and enormous herds of buffalo.
Hernando de Soto- Discovered and crossed the Mississippi River
Francisco Pizarro- Crushed the Incas of Peru and received a huge
load of booty resulting in Spanish swimming in New World silver
Hernando Cortes- Took over the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan through
deception and a large force of Indian allies
SPANISH EXPLORATION AND
CONQUEST
NEW WORLD TO OLD WORLD
 The New World contributed plants
such as tobacco, maize, beans,
tomatoes and potatoes eventually
revolutionized the international
economy.
NEW WORLD TO OLD WORLD
(CONTINUED)
OLD WORLD TO NEW WORLD
 When Columbus returned to the
Caribbean island of Hispaniola, along
with 17 ships, he brought cattle,
swine and horses.
 Europeans also brought organisms
such as seeds of Kentucky bluegrass,
dandelions and daisies. Most of all,
they brought germs causing
smallpox, yellow fever and malaria.
OLD WAR TO NEW WORLD
(CONTINUED)
SPANISH CLAIMS & ENGLISH CLAIMS
 Spanish Claims:
The conquistadores
sent ships of gold
and silver back to
Spain increasing the
gold supply by 500
percent, making
Spain the richest and
most powerful nation
in Europe.
 English Claims:
John Cabot explored
the coast of
Newfoundland.
 Sir Francis Drake
attacked Spanish
ships, seizing the gold
and silver they
carried.
 Sir Walter Raleigh
attempted to
establish a settlement
in Roanoke Island,
but it failed.
FRENCH CLAIMS
 Giovanni da Verrazano explored part
of North America's eastern coast.
 Jacques Cartier explored the St.
Lawrence River.
 Samuel de Champlain in 1608
established the first French
settlement in Quebec.
EARLY ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS
 Jamestown: King James I chartered the Virginia
Company, a joint stock company which established
the first permanent English colony in America.
 Problems: The settlers suffered attacks from Indians,
famine and disease. The swampy area they settled in
caused malaria. Many were godl seeking adventurers
who refused to hunt or farm.
 Tobacco
Jamestown colony only survived under the
leadership of Captain John Smith and the
establishment of a tobacco industry by John Rofle.
 The growing of tobacco required a large labor force,
therefore the Virginia Company send indentured
servants to the colony.
 Indentured servants received a free transportation to
the colony in exchange to work on a plantation for
certain amount of years.
 Puritan Colonies: The
formation of the
Plymouth colony and
the Massachusetts Bay
colony was relegious
motivation. Both were
settled by English
Protestants influenced
by John Calvin's
teachings.
 Plymouth Colony: The
Separatists rejected
the idea of reforming
the Church of England,
therefore organized a
competely separate
church. They left
England searching for
religiosu freedom.
After facing economic
hardships and cultural
differences in Holland,
they migrated to
Virginia in the
Mayflower.
MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
 Seeking religious freedom, a group of
Puritans gained a royal charter for a
new colonizing venture. Thousands
led by John Winthrop sailed for the
Massachusetts shore.
EARLY POLITICAL INSTITUTION
 Majority rule in Plymouth
Mayflower Compact- Pligrams pledged to
make decisions by the will of the majority.
 Representative government in Jamestown
Colonists in Virginai had the same rights
that they had in England, including the
right to be represented in the lawmaking
process.
 Representative government in
Massachusetts
All freemen had the right to participate
in yearly elections.
EUROPEAN TREATMENT OF NATIVE
AMERICANS
 The Spanish approached was to conquer,
rule and intermarry with the Aztecs, Mayas
and Incas.
 The English occupied the land and forced
the tribes they encountered to move away.
 The French tended to treat the Natives as
economic and military allies.
 In general, Europeans viewed the Native
Americans as inferiors who could be
exploited for economic, military and
religious gains.