Transcript 無投影片標題 - STMGSS

Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
(A)
What is rural – urban migration ?
Rural-urban migration
 Is the migration of people from rural to urban areas
 Occurs in both developed and developing countries
 In developed countries, such flow of population began
in the early 19th century, but has slowed down
nowadays.
 In developing countries, such flow started in the early
20th century, and is getting faster as time goes by.
Next
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
(B) What are the causes of rural-urban migration ?
Push factors in the rural areas
Pull factors in the urban areas
Next
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
Push factors in the rural areas
 Overpopulation - the man-land ratio is very high
 Few job opportunities
 Low living standard - low income, malnutrition
 Poor social services and facilities - transport, education,
medical service, recreation etc.
 Poverty - the strongest factor
Next
Back
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
Pull factors in the urban areas
 Many job opportunities
 High living standard - high income, good nutrition
 Good social facilities and services - transport,
education, medical service, recreation etc.
 Better jobs - the most important factor
Back
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
(C) What are the problems caused by rural-urban
migration ?
Rapid population growth
High unemployment
Conflicts between local people and migrants
Shortage of facilities and services
Shortage of houses
Example
Favelas in Brazil
Next
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
Rapid population growth
 Waves of immigrants from rural areas never stop.
 Very few people leave the city.
 Therefore, there is a big net gain in population.
 Most immigrants are young adults.
 They know little about birth control and family
planning.
 The birth rate is very high.
 However, the death rate is very low.
 Therefore, there is a big natural increase in
population.
Next
Back
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
High unemployment
 There is a great increase in population.
 Economic development is slow.
 The increase of job is not fast enough.
 Many people are unemployed.
 High unemployment may lead to social problems.
Next
Back
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
Conflicts between local people and migrants
 They are different from each other in religion, tradition,
custom outlook, educational level, language, race, etc.
 Therefore, misunderstandings arise.
 The local people do not want those outsiders:
– to share their facilities and services;
– to take away their jobs;
– to bring along problems of congestion and pollution.
 Therefore, the local people do not like the immigrants.
 The immigrants thus feel being looked down on and
ill-treated.
Next
Back
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
Shortage of facilities and services

Urban population increases too fast.

The city government has very limited resources.
The number of facilities like electricity and water
supply, and services like schools and hospitals only
increases very slowly.

The facilities and services cannot meet the needs of
people.

Life quality becomes poor.
Next
Back
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
Shortage of houses

Urban population increases too fast.

The increase of houses is too slow.

The poor immigrants cannot afford good housing.

The government is not fast enough to provide public
housing.

Cottage areas or shanty towns appear and spread.

The living conditions are very poor there.
Next
Back
Favelas in Brazil
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city

In big cities in Brazil, 40% of the people live in shanty
towns called ‘favelas’.

These favelas are built on the outskirts of the city.

Many basic facilities, like water and electricity supply,
are absent in the favelas.


Sewage and refuse are not properly collected and
disposed of.
Sanitary conditions are poor.Diseases spread easily.

The people are very poor. Most of them are unemployed.

Most children have no schooling.
Back
Terms to learn:
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
 Migration - the flow of people from one place to another
 Rural-urban migration - people moving from the
countryside into the city
 Push factors - the bad conditions that drive people out of
their homes
 Pull factors - the good conditions that attract people to
come to live in that area
 Migrants - people who come to live here from other
places
 Squatter area - an area of unlawfully built huts and
houses with poor facilities and services
 Shanty town - a squatter area where the poor live
 Favela - a shanty town on the outskirts of a Brazilian city
End
Unit 16: Moving into the urban city
Favelas in Brazil
Back