Transcript Urbanisation in LEDC’s Today (Asia, Africa, and South America)

Urbanisation in LEDC’s Today
(Asia, Africa, and South America)
• As cities in Asia, Africa, and South America
have expanded, they have tended to sprawl.
• In 1900; 10% of the world’s population lived in
cities – to day the figure is 50%.
• Most of the current growth is because of
rural-urban migration.
Rural to Urban Migration
• What is rural-urban migration
• In some LEDC cities over 50% of the
population may not have been born there.
• Majority of growth in LEDC cities is from
migration rather than natural increase.
Why Move?
Push Factors, Pull Factors, Restraining Factors
Push Factors
Pull Factors
Restraining
Factors
A Typical Migrant
Young, single, adventurous male who comes to
the city in search of wealth before returing to
his home town or village.
Some migrants stay; others return home
permanently or seasonally.
Chain Migration
Circular Migration
Migrants
• Come to the city with very few skill that would
be useful in an urban environment.
• Arrive with little money so must sleep in
footpaths or construct temporary
accommodation.
Shanty Housing
• ‘Self Help Housing’ made out of scrounged
materials such as corrugated iron, packing
cases, cloth, and disused pastic sheeting.
• 70% of all new housing in developing nations
consists of shanty settlements.
Squatters
• Squatters often occupy shanty settlements
• Squatters will build on land that had been left
vacant:
– Strips along railway lines
– Edges o f parklands
– Steep Sloping land
• Shanty settlements can been found next to
expensive real estate.
• Shanties can be found in all parts of the city but
often located on the outskirts of the cities.
Ant and Dec in the Slums of Nairobi
Government Assistance
• Some governments realise that shanty
housing is a self-help way of addressing the
housing shortage.
• Some administrations connect shanty housing
to basic services such as electricity and
sewage.
• Governments have built public housing to
rehome the shanty dwellers.
High rise housing in Singapore used to re-house shanty
dwellers.
Population Structures
• Rural-urban migration distorts the population
structure of many African, Asian and South
American Cities. Why?
The Struggle to Survive
• Many migrants are unskilled.
Primate Cities
• Many of the large cities in Africa, Asia and
South America are Primate Cities.
• This means that they completely dominate the
urban networks of which they form a part of.
• Political, economic and social focus of the city
they form a part of.
• A primate city has to have at least five times
the population of the second largest city.
Land Use in LEDC Cities
• Cities in LEDC cities grow bit by bit, growing
outwards with shanty settlements on the outskirts of
the city.
• As time passes these shanty settlements grow into
permanent buildings and a new ring of shanties
develop.
• In this way the wealthy elite live close to the city
centre and people become progressively poorer
towards the outskirts.
• Bands of manufacturing are situated along the major
lines of communication.
• Few attempts have been made to produce models on
LEDC cities.
Functional Zones in LEDC Cities
• Similar to that of ‘Western Cities’ except for
the congestion and competition for space are
even greater.
Zones:
• Inner Zone
• Middle Zone
• Outer Zone
• Industry