Transcript Referencing

Welcome to studying in Australia
at
Cambridge International College
Melbourne
and to
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
Honesty
Respect
Fairness
Trust
Responsibility
CIC is committed to ensuring academic integrity
amongst it’s staff and students.
PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is when you copy someone else's work and don’t
acknowledge the author or the source.
This makes it look as though it is all your own work and that you
are taking the credit for it.
But this is NOT your work:
Unless you cite(acknowledge) the source you are stealing someone
else’s ideas.
In academic writing, this is considered to be as serious as
cheating on an exam.
PLAGIARISM
If you have plagiarised someone's work this means you
have failed to comply with the basic standards of
academic integrity
 Honesty
 Respect
 Fairness
 Trust
 Responsibility
This is seen as a breach of discipline and can have very
serious consequences.
PLAGIARISM
The consequences for plagiarism can include:

repeat of an assessment task

loss of marks for an assessment task

loss of marks for a unit of study, or

possible suspension
It is very important that when you write your assignments any
IDEAS, THEORIES, GRAPHS, OR CONTRIBUTIONS
you have used in your work, that has been created by others, be
ACKNOWLEDGED AND REFERENCED.
PARAPHRASING
To avoid plagiarism you need to learn to Paraphrase.
Paraphrasing is when you write published information and
ideas
in
YOUR OWN WORDS
without
CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING.
You have to do this to avoid plagiarism.
PARAPHRASING
In academic writing paraphrasing is
a legitimate way to use and include other
peoples ideas and avoid plagiarism.
In fact, to support your ideas when writing an academic
assignment, you will need to include and make reference to,
research ,ideas, and information written by others.
So it is very important that you learn to paraphrase.
PARAPHRASING
Writing a paraphrase
Use the following steps to write a paraphrase:
1. change the structure of the sentences
2. change the words.
It is not enough to do just one of these; you need to change both
the structure and the words. You must do this to avoid
plagiarism.
Usually a paraphrase will be about the same length as the
original text. Although the original meaning will not have
changed the sentence structure and the vocabulary will be
different.
PARAPHRASING
Original Text
In today’s society and business environment ethics are
required to resolve dilemmas that arise out of the conflicts
between the economic and social performance of
organisations.(26 words)
Paraphrased Text
Tension between the social and economic effectiveness of
organisations in contemporary society, can generate conflict
which requires an ethical approach to resolving disputes and
problems.(26words)
Although the words and sentence structure has changed the
original meaning is still the same
WRITING A PARAPHRASE
Steps for paraphrasing
The first skill you must master in learning to paraphrase is to
1. Read the text carefully
2. Reread the text until you FULLY understand it.
3. Highlight important keywords(subject-specific).
4. Look up any difficult words and make sure you know what
they mean– try to find synonyms for them
WRITING A PARAPHRASE: CHANGING THE WORDS
Circle the specialised words –the words that the text is
actually about. These will need to be included in your paraphrase,
as without these words, the meaning of the paraphrase can
change.
Underline any keywords that can be changed.
Find other words and phrases that have similar meanings
that can be used to replace the keywords in the text. Use a
thesaurus or dictionary, or look for synonyms in your word
processing software.
e.g. Ethics: Principles, moral beliefs, codes of behaviour
STEPS FOR PARAPHRASING
5.Write down the main points. Don’t copy entire sentences
6. Rewrite each sentence. Try to simplify the sentence
structure and the vocabulary without changing the meaning.
7. Write your paraphrase from memory: Put the text away.
8. Revise what you have written and compare it to the
original.
WRITING A PARAPHRASE
Summary of the steps for paraphrasing
1.Read
2.Reread
3.Underline
4.Look up
5.Write down
6.Rewrite
7.Write
8.Review
Read the original text and the two paraphrases of it (activity)
Original text
It can be difficult to rewrite information and ideas from an academic
text in your own words. But it is important that students learn to
paraphrase, as this helps them to understand what they are reading
and to avoid plagiarism.
Paraphrase 1
It can be challenging to rewrite ideas and information from an
intellectual book in your own words. But it is vital that students learn
to rephrase, as this helps them to realize what they are reading and
avoid stealing.
Paraphrase 2
Avoiding plagiarism by learning to paraphrase the information in
academic texts is very difficult ,but it is important that students learn
to do this. Because learning to write things in your own words helps
students to grasp the meaning of what they have read.
Select the correct answer
a) Paraphrase 1 is correct because it closely follows the
sentence structure of the original.
b) Both paraphrases are correct because some of the keywords
have been changed.
c) Paraphrase 2 is not acceptable because the sentence
structure has been changed.
d) Paraphrase 2 is acceptable because the sentence structure
and the keywords have been changed.
e) Paraphrase 2 is unacceptable because the subject of the first
sentence is different from the original,
ACADEMIC DISCOURSE
You will need to access and read works by others in your field
as part of your academic studies.
Your lecturers will expect you to become familiar with the
authorities and experts (academics) in your discipline(the field
of study) and to present a critical argument in your essay
which represents their views.
These views may be use to support your own argument or to
present an opposing perspective or to give a general overview
of the topic you are writing about.
ACADEMIC DISCOURSE
When you utilize the views and research of other
scholars –wether in a tutorial, a presentation or in a
written assignment – you are entering into an academic
discourse (conversation) and you must acknowledge
another person’s work or ideas.
Just paraphrasing another person's work without
acknowledging the source is plagiarism, so we also have
to learn to use referencing in our writing.
WHAT IS REFERENCING
Referencing is how you acknowledge the source of the
information or ideas that you have used when writing your
essays/assignments
Here is an example of paraphrasing using in-text referencing
In 2012 education services were the largest Victorian
exports, valued at more than $4 billion (Rasmussen 2013).
Placing the author’s name and the year of publication in
brackets, tells the reader who the source of your information
is.
REFERENCING STYLES
There are a number of referencing styles used in Tertiary
Institutions in Australia.
The most common ones are the Harvard style and the APA
style.
Many lecturers in the Australian School of Business will accept
any major style of referencing as long as it is used consistently
and correctly
At Cambridge International College it is requested that you learn
and use the APA referencing style.
APA IN-TEXT REFERENCING STYLE
The APA (American Psychological Association)
referencing system.
American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
More advice on APA style referencing can be found
on the official APA Style website:
http://www.apastyle.org
APA IN-TEXT REFERENCING STYLE
How to quote sources
There are two parts to referencing:
1. In-text references that go with the other peoples quotes or
ideas used in your work, and
2. The reference list at the end of your paper.
PART 1. APA IN-TEXT REFERENCING
APA is an 'author/date' system, so your in-text reference consists
of the author(s) surname and year of publication.
The basics of an in-text reference in APA are:
Book: Single Author
Author Year
↓
↓
(Smith, 2013) ← Use round brackets
↑
Add a comma between Author and Year
PART 1. APA IN-TEXT REFERENCING
Indirect quotes/paraphrasing
When you use an indirect quote(or paraphrase) to express the same
idea as the source ,the name of the author and the year is written in
brackets (………………)
Example 1 (reference at the end)
It can be difficult to rewrite information and ideas from an academic
text in your own words. But it is important that students learn to
paraphrase (Smith,2013).
Example 2 (Name in the text, year after the name)
According to Smith (2013),even though it can be difficult, it is
important that students learn to rewrite information and ideas from an
academic text in their own words. That is to say, that they learn to
paraphrase.
PART 1. APA IN-TEXT REFERENCING
Direct Quotes
If you quote directly from an author you need to include the
page number of the quote in your in-text reference.
For example
Learning to write academic texts in your own words is
difficult but `it is important that students learn to
paraphrase’(Smith,2013, pp.8).
Author Year Page Number & full stop
↓
↓ ↓
(Smith, 2013,pp. 8) ← Use round brackets
↑
Add a comma between Author and Year
PART 1. APA IN-TEXT REFERENCING
If there is more than one author in your reference you will cite
both authors each time the reference occurs
Book: 2 Authors
Author Year
↓
↓
(Smith & Jones, 2013) ← Use round brackets
↑
Add a comma between Author and Year
Please note when the names are written inside the brackets, an
ampersand (&) is used between authors’ names instead of the
word “and”.
PART 1. APA IN-TEXT REFERENCING
Book: 3, 4 or 5 Authors
Smith, Jones, and Allen(2013), have found it is important that
students learn to paraphrase.
Or
Paraphrasing is an important skill for students to learn
(Smith, Jones, & Allen, 2013).
PART 1. APA IN-TEXT REFERENCING
When you are using in-text referencing you must cite
ALL THE AUTHORS THE FIRST TIME the reference occurs.
After this when you use it again you may then include only the
surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year.
For example
Paraphrasing is an important skill for students to learn(Smith
et al., 2013).
Smith et al. (2013) have found it is important that students
learn to paraphrase.
PART 2: THE REFERENCE LIST
All in-text references are listed in the reference list at the end
of your document
The purpose of the reference list is to help readers find the
sources you used in your writing
The reference list should be as accurate as possible
An important principle in referencing is to
BE CONSISTENT.
PART 2:THE REFERENCE LIST
When compiling your APA reference list, you should:
 list references on a new page with a centred heading titled:
References
 include all your references in alphabetical listing from A - Z
by the surname of the author(s)
 list works with no author under the first significant word of
the title
 indent the second and subsequent lines of each entry (5-7
spaces)
 use double spacing.
PART 2:THE REFERENCE LIST
REFERENCES
Allen, D. (2004). Dealing with your meeting notes. Retrieved from
http://www.effectivemeetings.com/meetingbasics/
Allen, M. C., & Black, R. (1995). The future of higher education in Australia.
Journal of Higher Education, 15(2), 16-25.
Ashwin, P. (Ed.). (2006). Changing higher education: The development of
learning and teaching. London, England: Routledge.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008). Childhood education and care (No.
4402.0). Canberra, ACT: Author. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au
Barua, S. (2010). Drought assessment and forecasting using a nonlinear
aggregated drought index (Doctoral dissertation, Victoria
University,Melbourne, Australia). Retrieved from
http://vuir.vu.edu.au/1598
PART 2:THE REFERENCE LIST
The basics of a reference list entry for a book:
Author Year
Title (in italics)
↓
↓
↓
Cerf, A.R. (1961). Corporate reporting and investment
decision. Berkley,CA: University of California Press.
↑
↑
↑
Indent
Place of publication
Publisher
5-7 spaces
PART 2:THE REFERENCE LIST
The basics of a reference list entry for a book Punctuation
Author
↓
Year
↓
Title (in italics)
↓
Cerf, A.R. (1961). Corporate reporting and investment decision.
Berkley ,CA: University of California Press.
↑
↑
↑
Indent
Place of publication
Publisher
5-7 spaces
PART 2:THE REFERENCE LIST
Remember that an important principle in referencing is to
BE CONSISTENT.
This applies to the way you format your information(author, date, title,
and source),and to the way you use the punctuation.
The format and the punctuation don’t change
Author Surname comma Initial(s) full stop brackets Year full stop Title(in
indent→ italics) full stop Place of Publication comma /colan Publisher full stop
e.g. Gore, A. (2006). An inconvenient truth: The planetary emergency
of global warming and what we can do about it. Emmaus, Rodale.
PART 2:THE REFERENCE LIST
So far we have only looked at how you reference a book.
There are many more resources than books that you will use in your
research such as e-books, journals, websites, manuals, data bases, etc.
Each time you reference you MUST follow the formula for referencing that
particular type of source.
Below is the basic reference list entry for a journal in APA
For more information on how to do this go to the
APA website: www.apastyle.org
Activity: Practise Reference sheet
WHEN SHOULD YOU USE REFERENCING
You must reference the source any and every time you
use somebody else's words or ideas from a
 magazine,
 book, newspaper,
 song,
 TV program,
 movie,
 Web page,
 computer program,
 letter,
 advertisement,
 or any other medium.
WHEN SHOULD YOU USE REFERENCING
You must also reference the source for
 Diagrams
 illustrations
 charts and
 pictures
http://us.fotolia.com/microsoftclipart?xc=MP900442414stock investment © arekmalang #531745
Sourced 30.05.14
REASONS FOR USING REFERENCES
REASONS FOR USING REFERENCES (CITATIONS)
to avoid being guilty of plagiarism
to lend credibility/evidence to your argument
to show the research that you have done.
Many students express how they feel frustrated
in their writing efforts because they have to include
references within their academic paper.
It is important to keep in mind how the academic world works
– the academic world is all about knowledge building.
`The primary reason for citation, therefore, is that it encourages
and supports the collective construction of academic knowledge’
(Walker & Taylor, 2006, pp. 29-30).
TURN IT IN
To help students learn how to improve their writing and avoid
plagiarism, Cambridge International College uses Turnitin
Turnitin is an Internet-based plagiarism-prevention service
which checks documents for unoriginal content.
The results can be used to identify similarities to existing
sources and alert the teacher to the possibility of plagiarism.
STOP THIEF- TURN IT IN
The best way not to be found guilty of plagiarism is
to not do it. Learn to paraphrase and reference from
the start of your academic career to ensure a
successful future