Transcript PAKISTAN STUDIES

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MIAN UZAIR SARFARAZ
HASSAN SHAUKAT
MUHAMMAD UMAR
USMAN ARSHAD
WAQAS GILLANI
HAROON AZEEM
NAUMAN AHMED
The capability of doing any work.
Power energy:
Energy generated to power up any kind of
equipment, For e.g. energy from electricity,
hydrocarbons etc.
SOURCES OF ENERGY
• Fossils &
Non
Hydrocarbon.
Renewable • Hydro
Resources.
Renewable
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Solar .
Wind.
Geothermal.
Tidal.
Bio fuel.
Hydro
Resources
Fossils &
Hydrocarbon
Solar
Nuclear
Resources
Wind
Resources
ENERGY PRODUCTION
HYDEL
2% 1%
33%
HYDROCARBO
N
NUCLEAR
64%
SOLAR
Power consumption : because of increasing needs of industry,
agriculture and households has been on the rise. According to an estimate,
between the period of 1990 and 2003 the total consumption increased by 84 per
cent, from 31th to 57th.
Presently, an annual average increase of 7 per cent has been postulated. The
energy sector, in which the government has a greater role to play, will have to
work hard to make up for the existing deficit and to meet the growing demand.
Capacity:
40,000 MW
Generated:
8000 MW
out of 11327 MW
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In Pakistan, nuclear power makes a small
contribution to total energy production and
requirements, supplying only 2.30% of the
country's electricity.
Nuclear energy is yet another source of energy
and at present PAEC produces
472 MW.
Pakistan wind power plan are under progress.
 P.M GILANI introduced a project on
19th April 2009 at JHIMPUR,THATTA
DISTRICT,SINDH.
 The project is in collaboration with Turkey and
China under (AEDB) “ALTERNATIVE
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT BOARD”.
 About 250 M.watts of electricity will be
produced.
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Pakistan has a deficit of fossils or hydrocarbons sources of energy and to cover up
the deficit, it depends upon importing crude oil at an enormous cost from its
meager forex reserves.
The need of crude oil is on an increase because of an improved life style which has
necessitated the use of vehicles and cars for transportation. Import of oil at around
$110 per barrel.
Increases the trade deficit and the current account deficit. It makes fiscal
management a difficult task which affects the government as well as the people.
HYDEL POWER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND
RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY
RELATIVELY LOW OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE COSTS
MINIMAL POLLUTION
19% OF TOTAL ENERGY PRODUCTION
CHINA IS THE BIGGEST HYDEL POWER
PRODUCER FOLLOWED BY CANADA, BRAZIL
AND USA
BIGGEST DAM IN THE WORLD.
GENERATION CAPACITY 22500 MW.
COST $30BILLION
COMPLETED IN 2006.
FULLY OPERATIONAL BY 2011.
MANGLA DAM
TARBELA DAM
GHAZI-BAROTHA
MANGLA
DAM
CONSTRUCTED IN 1967.
LOCATED ON JEHLUM RIVER.
POWER GENERATION CAPACITY OF
1000 MW.
PLAN TO INCREASE POWER
GENERATION CAPACITY BY
644MW.
LOCATED ON INDUS RIVER IN
HARIPUR.
CONSTRUCTED IN 1974.
ORIGINAL POWER
GENERATION CAPACITY
2100 MW.
INCREASED TO 3478 MW.
PLANS TO INCREASE TOTAL
POWER GENERATION
CAPACITY TO 4200 MW.
GHAZ-BROTHA
PROJECT
LOCATED ON INDUS RIVER
COMPLETED IN 2002.
IT IS RUN-OF-RIVER
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT.
ESTIMATED COST $2.3 BILLON.
POWER GENERATION CAPACITY 1450
MW.
LOCATED ON INDUS RIVER IN NORTHERN
AREAS OF PAKISTAN.
PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION 2009-2016.
ESTEMATED COST $12 BILLON.
POWER GENERATION CAPACITY
4500MW.
AKHORI
DAM
KALABAGH
DAM
KALABAGH
DAM
LOCATED ON INDUS RIVER IN MIANWALI
DISTRICT.
IT WOULD BE EARTH FILL DAM.
INSTALLED CAPACITY 3600 MW.
CONSTRUCTION CONTROVERSIAL.
AKHORI DAM
LOCATED ON HARO RIVER NEAR AKHORI
VILLAGE 28 KM EAST OF
ATTOCK.
ESTIMATED COST $I.6 BILLION.
WATER STORAGE CAPACITY OF 6
MILLION ACRE FEET.
POWER GENERATION CAPACITY 600 MW
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Solar energy, radiant light and heat from
the sun, has been harnessed by humans since
ancient times using a range of ever-evolving
technologies.
Solar radiation, along with secondary solarpowered resources such as wind and wave
power, hydroelectricity and biomass, account
for most of the available renewable energy on
earth. Only a minuscule fraction of the available
solar energy is used.
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In these days of escalating oil prices, it’s
becoming extremely difficult for a common
citizen to pay off monthly electricity bills. The
bills keep soaring day by day and there seems
to be no respite in foreseeable future. These
bills can be reduced by resorting to other
methods of generating electricity, solar being
one of them.
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A practical example
of the use of solar
energy could be seen
in some villages of
Pakistan where each
house has been
provided with a solar
panel that’s sufficient
to run an electric fan
and two energy
saving bulbs.
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Running expenditure is low.
No carbon dioxide emission to add to the green
house effect.
No sulphur dioxide emission to cause Acid
rain.
Solar cells can be quickly setup in remote areas.
Local communities can benefit from small scale
production.
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The initial cost of solar cell can be very high.
The output is weather dependent and only in
day time.
Many solar panels are needed to production on
large scale.
OIL AND GAS INFALTION
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PETROL: 87.56 RUPEESS/LIT
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DIESEL:73.14RUPPEE/LIT
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CNG:56.17/kg
PETROLEUM
 Pakistan has limited petroleum, oil imports has to be
made in order to fulfill its needs.
 Few oil reservoirs are found in Sindh and Potowar
region.
COAL
Coal reserves were boosted substantially in May 1992 when a
large coal field was discovered in the Thar Desert in Sindh. In
early 1993, these reserves were estimated at 17 billion tons.
CONT…
 Output was 1.3 million tons in 1992. The bulk of production is from small,
privately owned mines whose owners generally lack funds, expertise, and
interest in expanding output.
A public-sector firm, the Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation,
accounted for about one-fifth of output in the early 1990s. The corporation
has six operational mines--at Degari, Sor Range, and Sharigh in
Balochistan; Lakhra and Meting in Sindh; and at the
Makerwal/Gullakhel complex straddling the border between Punjab and
the North-West Frontier Province.
Natural Gas
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Pakistan has got abundant gas fields and has a capability of forming
an extensive network of gas storage and diversification to whole
country.
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Gas fields are located in Baluchistan; upper and lower Sindh; lower
Punjab and Potowar region.
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Government has initialized a gas project with Turkmenistan of
length 790km from Afghan-Turk border terminating at Multan.
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Pakistan has many dams it is a nuclear
power but still we are facing problems
of load shedding and energy crisis
because of “God gifted” government
and ill foreign policy.
 Lack of future planning.
 Non implementation of projects.
 Feudalism.
 Lack of capital (to some extend).
 Lack of energy conservation rules.
 Lack of exploration technologies and
expertise.
 International market inflation.
Due to load shedding the economic
system of Pakistan is going down day by
day.
Every single person is effected by
energy crisis whether it is
businessman,Employer or a worker.
The poverty ratio is increasing day by
day.
HOW TO ESCAPE OUT!!??
We offer “AEPs” to the Government Of
PAKISTAN;
AEPs stand for
“ALTERNATATIVE ENERGY
PROJECTS”
In order to get Pakistan out from present
energy crisis
Of electricity generation, we propose
following ways:
Tidal energy, is a form of
hydropower that converts
the energy of tides into
electricity or other useful
forms of power.
Wave power is the transport of energy by
ocean surface waves, and the capture of that
energy to do useful work — for example for
electricity generation, water desalination, or the
pumping of water
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The rising and falling of the waves
moves the buoy-like structure creating
mechanical energy which is converted
into electricity and transmitted to
shore over a submerged transmission
line
This natural energy form can be
gathered directly from the
environment or extracted from
ordinary electricity by the method
called Fractionation.
One of the earliest wireless
telephones to be based on radiant
energy was invented by Nikola
Tesla
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, refers to living and
recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel. In
context, biomass refers to plant matter grown to generate
electricity or produce for example trash such as dead trees
and branches, yard clippings and wood chips bio fuel, and it
also includes plant or animal matter used for production of
fibers, chemicals or heat.
United States produces about 0.5 percent of the U.S.
electricity supply.
 www.google.com
 www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/oil_consu
mption.html
 www.psopk.com
 www.viewstonews.com/index.php/turkme
nistan-pakistan-gas-pipelineproject/pakistan/
 www.pogeepakistan.com/
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