Transcript AusAID - Health and Human Development

AusAID
VCAA
• the aims and objectives of the Australian
Government’s AusAID and the role it plays in
programs to improve global health and
sustainable human development;
AusAID
Is the Australian Agency for International
Development. It has had the responsibility of
managing the Australian Government’s
overseas aid program and delivering
development initiatives since 1974.
AusAID is a federally funded organisation.
Must Know!
• Aims and Objectives of AusAid
To assist developing countries reduce poverty
and achieve sustainable development, in line
with Australia’s national interest, with a
particular focus on neighbouring countries in
the Asia–Pacific region. Australia’s
development assistance focus on poverty is
guided by the MDG’s, the internationally
agreed targets for poverty reduction
How much aid does Australia give?
• In 2010–11, Australia will provide $4.3 billion
worth of official development assistance. The
Australian Government continues to increase
aid in line with other donor countries. By
2015-16 the annual aid figure is estimated to
reach around $8–9 billion (0.5 per cent of
Gross National Income).
• There are 4 overriding themes:
– Accelerating economic growth
– Fostering functioning and effective states
– Investing in people
– Promoting regional stability
Areas of focus include:
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Disability
Education
Environment
Food security
Gender
Governance
Health, HIV/AIDS, pandemics
Human rights
Infrastructure
Millennium Development Goals
Regional stability
Rural development
Water and sanitation.
Examples of
the different aid provided include
• Bilateral aid: One example is a partnership with the
Solomon Islands to improve essential services such as
economic policy, law and justice. Another example is the
Infrastructure for Growth Initiative committed until 2011 to
improve roads, rural electrification and transportation in
developing countries such as Papua New Guinea.
• Multilateral aid: In conjunction with UNICEF, provision of
education and improved water and sanitation in Pakistan
three years after a major earthquake
• Emergency aid: In the form of relief supplies, medical
teams, law and order personnel, transport and
communication after a natural disaster or in response to
emergency situation.
Must Know:
Why does the Australian Government provide
overseas aid?
• To improve the economic and financial management in
govts. and strengthen their democracy
• Help maximise the benefits from trade and new technology
• Support govt. stability by improving vital services such as
education, healthcare, water and sanitation
• Strengthen regional security by helping govts. prevent
conflict.
• Increase stability and manage trans-boundary issues such as
disease, illegal migration and the flow of refugees
• Promote sustainable approaches to environmental
management and the use of resources.
AusAID videos
• http://www.youtube.com/user/AusAIDvideo
• Aid map
• http://www.ausaid.gov.au/about/ausaidmap.c
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Australian aid:
• supported free fistula surgery for over 2,500 Ethiopian women
through the Hamlin Fistula Hospital
• connected more than 339,000 people in poor urban areas in
Indonesia to essential water and sanitation in less than a year
• assisted with the construction of 828 schools and the training of
45,000 teachers in Afghanistan
• funded 64 village health fairs in Samoa, boosting childhood
vaccinations
• helped test 134,000 people in Papua New Guinea for HIV since
2006
• helped East Timor to reduce infant deaths by more than 25 per
cent since 2003
• will contribute to vaccinating more than seven million children
through the GAVI Alliance from 2011–13.
Research an AusAID program at
www.ausaid.gov.au.
Choose the tab ‘Australia’s Aid Program’ then ‘Aid Close
Up’. Choose a recent aid program to research, using the
following questions as a guide.
1 Where is the program located?
2 Why is the program needed?
3 How does AusAID contribute to the program? (This may
be financial, supply of resources, etc.)
4 Outline the improvements the program may offer the
country involved.
5 Discuss how the program may improve the sustainable
human development of the country.
link between aid and sustainable human
development
Improving the educational opportunities of children increases
their choices in life. Education gives them a path out of
poverty, allowing them to obtain employment – in this
case, nursing – that will improve their health and standard
of living, and participate in the community through
employment and use of goods and services. Education will
give them the ability to make informed choices, which will
also impact on the community. This is also sustainable as a
culture of education is created, which should continue with
each generation. The building of schools contributes to this
culture and the use of local materials enables more schools
to be built using the same model. The involvement of the
community in the building of schools demonstrates their
commitment to the program and their desire to improve
the sustainable human development of the community.
• You must know examples of programs!
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea program estimated Official Development Assistance (ODA) 2010-11 $457.2
million
Development challenges
Papua New Guinea (PNG) faces significant development challenges. Australia remains deeply
committed to working with PNG to achieve sustained economic growth and alleviate poverty.
Around 40 per cent of PNG's population lives in poverty, that is, on less than US$1 a day. Papua New
Guineans have low life expectancy and high infant and maternal mortality.
PNG's population is geographically and culturally diverse with over 700 cultural groups, many in
remote areas. Service delivery is expensive and logistically challenging and communities have
difficulty accessing quality health care, education and adequate transport.
Most Papua New Guineans live in rural areas but increasing numbers of people are moving to urban
centres, where poverty, unemployment and civil unrest are growing.
Violence against women is common and access to education and employment opportunities is much
less for females than males.
PNG is experiencing rapid, sustained population growth of an estimated 2.7 per cent a year and has
the highest rate of reported HIV cases in the region. In 2009, an estimated 98,757 people or 2.56
per cent of the adult population are living with HIV/AIDS.
Education in Papua New Guinea
More children in school
• While school enrolments are on the increase, Papua New Guinea is
struggling to educate an estimated 2 million elementary and
primary aged children.
Key challenges
• Over 500,000 children aged 6-12 do not go to school.
• It’s estimated half the adult population cannot read or write.
• More boys than girls go to school and complete basic education.
• More classrooms are needed.
• Teachers need more training.
• Management and financing from a national to school level needs
strengthening
prime Ministers Michael Somare and Kevin Rudd have committed to increasing PNG’s
basic education net enrolment rate from 53 per cent in 2007, to 70 per cent in 2015,
which amounts to an additional 300,000 children in school.
Key areas of Australian support
Subsidies to schools, to remove school fees for the first three grades of elementary.
Classrooms, teacher houses and other school buildings to improve access to schools.
Materials including textbooks to improve the quality of education.
Teacher education to improve the quality of teaching.
Results
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the enrolment and retention of primary and elementary
students.
The net basic education enrolment rate has increased from 52 per cent in 2007 to 63 per cent in 2009.
Specific achievements made through Australian assistance in 2009 include:
construction of 176 double classrooms, 47 teacher houses and 13 other buildings such as library,
administration, toilets and fencing in 229 schools
maintenance grants to 189 schools for small rehabilitation works
procurement of 539 000 primary school textbooks delivered in the first half of 2010
printing and distribution of 180,000 HIV/AIDS booklets to schools and provinces
in-service teacher training to 33,000 teachers including the production of training manuals
61 per cent of schools have adopted the School Learning Improvement Plan model to improve school
management
training of Board of Management teams including monitoring and supervision to 2284 primary and
225 elementary schools better information management systems including Department of
Education website.
Health in PNG
• Papua New Guinea faces some serious health challenges. Babies,
children and mothers continue to die in large numbers from
preventable causes. There’s poor drug distribution and the largely
rural and remote population find it hard to access basic medical
services.
Key challenges
• the rate of women dying from complications relating to childbirth is
the highest in the Pacific
• nearly seven percent of children do not live past their fifth birthday
• the life expectancy for men in PNG is only 53 years, for females it’s
54 years
• malaria is widespread and is the major cause of death in children
• shortage of rural health workers
• distribution of health supplies to provinces
What is being done
Australia and PNG have agreed to increase the percentage of babies delivered under
the supervision of skilled staff, immunise more children and reduce malaria and
tuberculosis.
Under the Health Sector Improvement Program, Australia and other development
partners are working through the PNG health system so, in the long-term the PNG
National Department of Health can manage and deliver health services. Donor
contributions include operational costs for public health activities and staff training.
Australia also funds the World Health Organization in PNG to advise the PNG
Government in critical local health areas including: tuberculosis, human resources,
pandemic and emergency preparedness such as the current cholera outbreak, and
maternal and child health.
Results
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decrease in malaria incidence and deaths from 287 per 1000 deaths in 2004 to 236 per 1000 in 2008
immunisation of 900,000 children against measles and other childhood illnesses in 2008
an increase in HIV testing sites from 66 in 2006 to 226 by 2009
an increase in PNG Stop TB program from 2 provinces in 2007 to 5 in 2008