Transcript OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA)

“Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man
made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions
of human beings . . . Overcoming poverty is not a gesture of
charity; it is an act of social justice.”
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT: AusAID
(Australian Agency for International Development)
The objective of Australia’s aid program is “to assist
developing countries to reduce poverty and achieve
sustainable development, in line with Australia’s
regional interest.”
Lift your game: UN raps foreign aid
record
AUSTRALIA has been accused of "punching below its weight" when it comes to
its aid budget, with the director of the United Nations campaign to reduce global
poverty calling on the Federal Government to show more generosity towards the
world's poorer nations.
The UN's Millennium Campaign director, Salil Shetty, who was in Canberra last
night delivering a keynote address on Australia's role in the effort to make poverty
history, said that while it was among the world's richest economies, it was
"almost bottom of the pile" in terms of development assistance.
"The main point is Australia is punching below its weight," Mr Shetty said.
(Sydney Morning Herald, 15 July 2006)
Government Aid - in context
Net ODA in 2003 US$ (billion)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
USA
Japan
France
UK
Holland Norway
Belgium Australia
Government aid – as % of GNI
Net ODA as a % of GNI (2004)
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Norway
Holland
Belgium
France
UK
Australia
Japan
USA
Australian aid 1971-2006
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
% of GNI 0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1971-72
1985-86
2005-06
OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
(ODA) - AID
Focus Area 4G3 Global Change
Extremes of poverty and wealth
Global organisations involved in reducing global
inequalities
OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
(ODA) - AID
Focus Area 5A4 Australia in its Regional and
Global Contexts
The nature of the regional and global link
The roles of government (AusAID) and nongovernment organisations (NGOs)
Cultural, economic and geopolitical advantages and
disadvantages to Australia
Social justice and equity issues
REGIONAL AND GLOBAL CONTEXT
MAKE POVERTY HISTORY
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs)
In 2000, 191 nations set these goals to achieve by 2015:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV and AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development
aid – fair trade – debt relief - governance
How AusAID is delivered:
1.
Bilateral aid – one government to another
in 2004, $2.1 billion
2. Multilateral aid – World Bank, IMF, ADB
in 2004, $400 million
3. Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) – World
Vision, TEAR, Red Cross
in 2004, $100 million
NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS (NGOs)
Australian Council for International Development
(ACFID) is the national association of 80 NGOs:
including World Vision, Caritas, Red Cross, Oxfam,
TEAR, Amnesty International
MAKE POVERTY HISTORY – international
coalition of NGOs calling on world leaders to keep their
commitment to achieve the Millennium Development
Goals – aid, fair trade, debt relief, governance
NGO aid includes:
Emergency humanitarian relief
Community development projects
Advocacy and Education
Aid funds managed by Australian NGOs
600
AUD millions
500
400
300
200
100
0
2000
2001
AusAID
2002
Other donors
2003
Community
2004
Cultural, economic and geopolitical
advantages
Increase regional stability – prevent ‘failed states’
Increase demand for Australian exports, employment and
investment opportunities
Transboundary issues – Avian flu, agricultural diseases, HIV
Strengthen long-term international relations
Poverty reduction as a public good
humanitarian needs – essential infrastructure
Cultural, economic and geopolitical
disadvantages
If aid is poorly delivered, it can:
1.
encourage a culture of dependence
2. foster resentment – paternalist, neo-colonialism –
insensitive to cultural values of recipient country
3. promote economic growth for the rich, but not
address environmental impacts and povertyreduction
“This is a critical moment. If
you go to 0.5% by 2010 I think
that's like 11 million people
would have access to clean
water, 18,000 deaths avoided to
AIDS and TB. I mean, these
are real lives, real numbers.
What an opportunity to be able
to do that. But you have to give
the politicians, whoever's in
power, permission to do this.”
(Bono on Enough Rope 2006)
Useful websites on ODA (Aid)
www.makepovertyhistory.com.au
www.worldvision.com.au/resources/globaleducation/maingame/
www.stir.org.au
www.globaleducation.edna.edu.au
www.aidwatch.org.au
www.oecd.org/dac/
The Main Game resource kit contains:
Workbook – a cross-curricular resource focusing on unpacking the MDGs through
individual and group activities. Topics covered include poverty, inequality, access
to food and water, education, health, the environment and the role of aid and
development. Learning methods include simulation games, map reading, Internet
research, debating, role-plays, interpreting statistics, and public speaking.
Poster Set – eight large sized classroom posters linking the MDGs to the lives
of real children and families around the world.
DVD – complementing the workbook, an interactive presentation designed to encourage
students to relate the MDGs to the problems facing young people and their communities
in developing countries.
CD-ROM – copies of all materials.
PLUS: the accompanying Website includes case studies, country comparisons, statistics
and information on how Australia can help Make Poverty History.