Transcript Slide 1

PATHWAYS TO SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY SYSTEMS
Presented by Alexander Müller,
Assistant Director-General
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United NAtions
THE GLOBAL BIOENERGY PARTNERSHIP
36 Partners (23 governments – 13 organizations):
G8 Governments (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russian Federation, United
Kingdom, United States of America) plus Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Fiji Islands,
Ghana, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland
and Tanzania, as well as the ECOWAS, European Commission, FAO, IDB, IEA, UNCTAD,
UNDESA, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UN Foundation, World Council for Renewable Energy and
EUBIA.
32 Observers (22 governments – 10 organizations):
Angola, Australia, Austria, Chile, Egypt, El Salvador, Gambia, India, Indonesia, Kenya,
Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Morocco, Mozambique, Norway, Peru, Rwanda, South Africa,
Thailand, Tunisia and Vietnam, along with the African Development Bank, Asian
Development Bank, ECLAC, European Environment Agency, GEF, IFAD, IRENA, UEMOA,
World Bank, and the WBCSD.
PILLARS
Environmental
Social
Economic
INDICATORS
1. Life-cycle GHG emissions
9. Allocation and tenure of land for new
bioenergy production
17. Productivity
2. Soil quality
10. Price and supply of a national food
basket
18. Net energy balance
3. Harvest levels of wood resources
11. Change in income
19. Gross value added
4. Emissions of non-GHG air
pollutants, including air toxics
12. Jobs in the bioenergy sector
20. Change in consumption of fossil
fuels and traditional use of biomass
5. Water use and efficiency
13. Change in unpaid time spent by
women and children collecting biomass
21. Training and re-qualification of the
workforce
6. Water quality
14. Bioenergy used to expand access to 22. Energy diversity
modern energy services
7. Biological diversity in the landscape 15. Change in mortality and burden of
disease attributable to indoor smoke
23. Infrastructure and logistics for
distribution of bioenergy
8. Land use and land-use change
related to bioenergy feedstock
production
24. Capacity and flexibility of use of
bioenergy
16. Incidence of occupational injury,
illness and fatalities
ENVIRONMENTAL
INDICATORS
ENVIRONMENTAL PILLAR
GBEP considers the following themes relevant, and these guided the development of indicators under this
pillar:
Percentage of land for which soil
Greenhouse gas emissions, Productive
of theinland
and of
ecosystems,
Air quality, Water availability,
quality, capacity
in particular
terms
soil
use efficiency and quality,
Biological
diversity,
Land-use change,
including indirect effects
organic
carbon,
is maintained
or
improved out of total land on which
•Water withdrawn from nationally-determined
watershed(s) for the production and processing
bioenergy INDICATOR
feedstock isNAME
cultivated or
•Total
area of feedstocks,
land for bioenergy
feedstock
as compared
to total national
of bioenergy
expressed
as theproduction,
percentageand
of total
actual renewable
water
harvested
1.
Lifecycle
GHG
emissions
surface
and(TARWR)
agricultural
forest
land
resources
as managed
the percentage
of
total
annual
water withdrawals
•Pollutant
loadingsand
toand
waterways
and
bodies
ofarea
water
attributable
to fertilizer(TAWW),
and
•Percentages
ofinto
bioenergy
from
yield
residues,
wastes
and
degraded
or
•Area
and
percentage
ofincreases,
nationally
recognized
greenhouse
areas
gas
of high
emissions
biodiversity
disaggregated
renewable
and
non-renewable
water
sources
2.Lifecycle
Soil quality
pesticide application
for
bioenergy
feedstock
cultivation,
and
expressed
as a from
contaminated
land
value
or critical
ecosystems
converted
bioenergy
toproduction
bioenergy
and
production
use,
per
•Volume
of water
withdrawn
from
nationally-determined
watershed(s)
used
for
thethe
production
percentage
of pollutant
loadings
from total
production
in
theas
watershed
3. Harvest
levelsagricultural
of wood resources
•Net
annual
rates
conversion
between
land-use
types
caused
directly
by or
bioenergy
•Area
and
of
the
land
methodology
used
for bioenergy
chosen
nationally
production
at
where
community
and
processing
ofofbioenergy
feedstocks
per
unit
useful
bioenergy
output,
disaggregated
•Pollutant
loadings
topercentage
waterways
and
bodies
ofofwater
attributable
to
bioenergy
Annual
harvest
of
wood
resources
4.
Emissions
of
non-GHG
air
pollutants,
including
air
toxics
feedstock
production,
including
the following
(amongst
others):
nationally
recognized
invasive
species,
and by
reported
risk
category,
using loadings
the
areGBEP
cultivated
Common
into
renewable
and non-renewable
water
processing
effluents,
and expressed
assources
alevel,
percentage
of pollutant
from
total
by
volume
and
as
a
percentage
of
•arableofland
and
permanent
crops,
permanent
and pastures,
and
managed
•Area
and
percentage
ofWater
the
land
Methodological
for bioenergy
Framework
production
for GHG
where
Lifecycle
agricultural
processing
in
the
watershed
Emissions
non-GHG
aireffluents
5.
use used
and meadows
efficiency
net
growth
or
sustained
yield,
and
forests;including
nationally
conservation
Analysis
methods
of Bioenergy
are used
'Version One'
pollutants,
airrecognized
toxics,
6.
Water
quality
the
percentage
of
the
annual
forests
and grasslands (including savannah, excluding natural permanent
from•natural
bioenergy
feedstock
harvest
usedand
for wetlands
bioenergy
meadows
and pastures),
peatlands,
7.
Biological
diversity
in the landscape
production,
processing,
transport
of feedstocks,
intermediate
8. Land
use and land-use change related to bioenergy feedstock production
products and end products, and
use; and in comparison with other
energy sources
SOCIAL INDICATORS
Effects of bioenergy use and domestic production on the price and supply of a food basket,
which is a nationally-defined collection ofSOCIAL
representative
PILLAR foodstuffs, including main staple
crops,
measured
national,
regional,
and/or
household
level,
taking into
GBEP
considers at
thethe
following
themes
relevant,
and these
guided the
development
of consideration:
indicators under
•changes in demand for foodstuffs for food,this
feed,
and
fibre;
pillar:
•changes
in supply
the import
and export
of foodstuffs;
Price
and
of
a
national
food
basket,
Access to land,
resources,(if
Labour
•Net
job creation
as a result
of bioenergy
production
andwater
use, and
totalother
andnatural
disaggregated
•changes
in
agricultural
production
due
to
weather
conditions;
conditions, Rural and social development, Access to energy, Human health and safety
possible)
as
•changes infollows:
agricultural costs from petroleum and other energy prices; and
•skilled/unskilled
INDICATOR
NAME
•the impact of price volatility and price inflation
of foodstuffs
on the national, regional, and/or
•temporary/indefinite
household
welfare 9.
level,
as nationally-determined
Allocation
and tenure of land for new bioenergy production
•Total number of jobs in the bioenergy sector and percentage adhering to nationally recognized
10.
Price
supply
of a national
food
basket
labour
standards
with
the
principles
enumerated
in– the
ILO
ontype –
•Total
amount consistent
and percentage
of and
increased
Percentage
access
oftoland
modern
total
energy
andDeclaration
by
services
land-use
Fundamental
Principles
andbioenergy
Rights at (disaggregated
Work,
infor
relation
tobioenergy
comparable
sectors
gained through
modern
new
by
bioenergy
production
type),
measured
where:
11.used
Change
in income
in terms of energy and numbers of households
•a legal instrument
and businesses
or domestic authority establishes
12.toJobs
in the
bioenergy
sector
Contribution
of
the
following
change
in
income
due
to
•Total number and percentage of households
title andand
procedures
businesses
forbioenergy
change
using bioenergy,
ofproduction:
title; and
•wages
paid
for
employment
in
the
bioenergy
sector
in
relation
to
comparable
sectors
13. Change
in unpaid
time spent
womendomestic
and
collecting
biomasssocially
disaggregated
into modern
bioenergy
•the
andbycurrent
traditional
usechildren
of legal
biomass
system and/or
•net income from the sale, barter and/or
own-consumption
of due
bioenergy
products,
accepted
practices
provide
process
and the
14. Bioenergy
used
to
expand
access
toand
modern
energy
services
Incidences
Change
in
of
average
occupational
unpaid
injury,
time
illness
spent
by
and
women
fatalities
in
children
the
collecting
biomass
as
including feedstocks, by self-employed
households/individuals
established
procedures
are
followed
for
determining
production
a result15.
of
ofswitching
bioenergy
in relation
traditional
comparable
use of
sectors
to modern to
bioenergy
services
Change
in from
mortality
andtoburden
of biomass
disease
attributable
indoor smoke
legal title
Change
in mortality
burden of
disease
attributable
to
16. Incidence
of and
occupational
injury,
illness
and fatalities
indoor smoke from solid fuel use, and changes in these as
a result of the increased deployment of modern bioenergy
services, including improved biomass-based cookstoves
ECONOMIC
INDICATORS
ECONOMIC PILLAR
GBEP considers the following themes relevant, and these guided the development of indicators under
this pillar:
Resource
availability
use efficiencies
in bioenergy production, conversion, distribution and end-use,
Energy ratio
of theand
bioenergy
value chain
Economic
development,
viability and competitiveness of bioenergy, Access to technology and
with comparison
with Economic
other •Substitution
energy
of fossil fuels with
technological capabilities, Energy security/Diversification
of domestic
sources and supply, Energy
sources, including energy
ratios
of
bioenergy
measured
by
energy
content
security/Infrastructure and logistics for distribution
and and
use
feedstock production, processing
of savings of convertible currency
in annual
INDICATOR
NAME
feedstock into bioenergy, bioenergy
use;
from reduced
purchases
of fossil fuels
and/or lifecycle analysis
17of
Productivity
•Substitution
traditional use
of biomass
•Productivity
of bioenergy feedstocks
with modern
bioenergy
measured
18. Netdomestic
energy balance
by feedstock
or by farm/plantation
by energy
19. content
Gross value added
•Processing efficiencies by
technology
and
feedstock
20. Change•Ratio
inGross
the of
consumption
of using
fossil
fuels
traditional
usewith
of biomass
value
capacity
added
for
per unit
bioenergy
of and
bioenergy
compared
actual
of bioenergy end product
21.
andasre-qualification
the
workforce
use
produced
forTraining
eachand
significant
a percentage
utilizationof•Amount
of
route
gross
by use
mass,
volume
or energy
of flexible
product
capacity
which
can
either
bioenergy
or content
Energy
diversity
Change •Ratio
in domestic
Percentage
of22.
trained
workers
in
the
per hectare per year
fuel sources
toout
total
23.other
Infrastructure
and logistics
for distribution
of bioenergy
diversity
of
bioenergy
total
sector
of capacity
total
bioenergy
•Production cost per unit of
24. Capacity
and
flexibility
ofof
use
of bioenergy
primaryNumber
energy
workforce,
and
percentage
reand capacity
of routes
for
critical
bioenergy
supply due
qualified
to
workers out
of the
number
distribution
systems,
along
withtotal
an assessment
of
bioenergy
jobs lost of
in the bioenergy sector
theof
proportion
associated with each
Sustainable Bioenergy : What is needed
• An in-depth understanding of the situation and related
opportunities and risks as well as synergies and trade-offs;
• An enabling policy and institutional environment, with
sound and flexible policies and means to implement them;
• Implementation of good practices by investors/producers
in order to reduce risks and increase opportunities;
• Appropriate monitoring and evaluation of impacts and
performance of good practices and policy responses