Transcript Folie 1

Non-technical Barriers to the Development of
Non Food Biomass Chains
Manfred Woergetter
http://blt.josephinum.at/
Becoteps Workshop 8-9 October 2009
Introducing myself
• Graduated as Mechanical Engineer, University of Technology
• Since 1975 R&D work on the energetic and material use of
biomass at FJ-BLT:
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Production, standardization and use of transport biofuels
Small scale biomass fired boilers
Biofuel feedstock
Bioenergy policies
• Chair of the Renewable Raw Material WG of the Ministry
– Advisor for the Ministry concerning the market introduction of
bioenergy &renewable raw materials
– Leader of the policy topic of the IEA Bioenergy Liquid Biofuels Tasks
– Key Researcher in the Austrian Bioenergy Center/ BIOENERGY 2020+.
IEA Bioenergy since 1979
www.ieabioenergy.com
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One of the numerous “Implementing Agreements”
22 member countries
Working in 12 Tasks
Along the whole value chain
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GHG emissions underestimated
http://www.unep.org/compendium2009/PDF/compendium2009.pdf
Ban Ki Moon, Secretary-General of the UN:
• Climate change is accelerating much
faster than was previously thought
• New scientific evidence suggests that
irreversible changes may already have
been reached or even overtaken
• Climate change, more than any other
challenge facing the world, is a crisis that
will require strong and global action
World energy outlook 2008:
• Global temperature up by 6OC
Size of the challenge underestimated
http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/docs/weo2008/WEO2008_es_english.pdf
World energy outlook 2008
• Preventing catastrophic damage requires a
major decarbonization of world energy
sources
• Radical actions by governments, coordinated by international mechanisms are
needed
• China and India will account for half of the
world primary energy demand between
2005 and 2030, collectively Non-OECD
countries account for 87% of the increase
Bioenergy can play an main role
http://www.ieabioenergy.com/MediaItem.aspx?id=6360
IEA Bioenergy confirms the role of
Bioenergy.
• Sustainable biomass scenarios
indicate an annual potential of 200 and 500 EJ/yr.
• With a projected world primary
energy demand by 2050 of 1000 EJ
(500 EJ in 2008), bioenergy may
contribute a quarter or even more to
the future global energy mix
Bioenergy in the global primary energy mix
Agric. crops
and byproducts
Waste
A wide variety of bioenergy routes
Bioenergy techologies for heat and
power
Examples on bio transport fuel routes
Development of renewable energy
+ 7%/y is extremly ambitous!
Insufficient development in EU
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/progress_report_2009_en.htm
Communication from the Commission to the Council and the
European Parliament COM(2009) 192 final
• A progress report of the
Commission highlighted the
patchy progress of RES
• Indicative 2010 targets will
be failed
Why? + 7%/y is extremly ambitous!
NTBs to Liquid Biofuels in the ALTENER
funded NTB-net (1996)
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Agricultural barriers
Economic and financial barriers
Industry
Legislation
Market
Environmental impacts
Public
www.ademe.fr/htdocs/presentation/actioneuropeenne/webaltener/defaultbiocarb.htm
Barriers also typical for other bioenergy pathways
Agricultural barriers to Biodiesel (1996)
• Blair House Agreement of the WTO
limits the agricultural production of raw
materials
• No guarantee for raw material
production
• Lack of contracts between agriculture
and industry
• Insufficient awareness from farmers for
new crops and new products
No change
No change
Nearly no change
Nearly no change
Economic and financial barriers (1996)
• Raw material prices to high
• Logistic and transport of raw materials
expensive
• Prices for non-food use lower than for
food use
• Reduced interest of farmers
• Farmers and industry are more
interested in income than in
environmental benefits
• Low competitiveness compared to
fossil fuels
No change
Nearly no change
Nearly no change
No change
No change
No change
Industry (1996)
• Lack of standardization and specifications
of liquid biofuels
• No guarantee for a stable raw material
supply
• High risk for investors
• Lack of co-ordination between farmers,
producers and user
Success story
No change
No change
No change
Legislation (1996)
• Tax exemption – an must for liquid
biofuels from agriculture
Success story in
some countries
• No discussion on detaxation on the
European level
Success story
Market (1996)
• No concepts on long-term marketing
No change
• No common strategy of farmers,
producers and users
No change
• Small biofuels market
• No measures for the stabilization of
the raw material and product
markets
Success story in
some countries
No change
Environment (1996)
• Environmental benefits not generally
acknowledged, discussion of
emissions controversy
No change
• Discussion on loss of biodiversity
No change
• Energy and environmental balances
hard to compare
No change
• Knowledge of N2O emission of rape
production unsatisfactory
No change
Public (1996)
• Lack of information for the general public
on availability, properties and benefits of
biofuels
• Lack of information of policy makers and
stake holders on the European, national
and regional level
No change
No change
Additional barrier: „Food versus fuel conflict“
Panel Discussion with Panellists from
Industry, Academia and NGOs
• Sustainability certification
IEA Bioenergy Liquid
Biofuels Task 39 Workshop
Dresden (2009)
– simple rules needed
– global harmonisation favourable but may take 10 years
• Main barriers to market implementation of 2nd-generation
– instability of political frameworks,
– lack of market acceptance, sustainability not acknowledged
– lack of economic feasibility
• (International) roadmap could be supportive
– target must be clear
– concerted action of a number of countries needed
– must be focused on a limited number of biofuel pathways
Additional barriers
EU
• No priority for energy and climat change in the Lisbon
Treaty
• 4 DGs involved in Bioenergy: TREN, AGRI, ENV, Research
Lobbying:
• Strong and industry driven lobbies for wind and
photovoltaic
• Patchy bioenergy lobby groups with diverted interests,
heterogeneous appearance of the different bioenergy
sectors
The challenge I
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Understand complexity
Develop long term strategies
Concentrate efforts
Establish roadmaps an stay on track
Establish reliable political framework
Form strong lobby groups
Overcome lack of public acceptance
Reduce cost along the whole Bioenergy value chain
Increase agricultural productivity
The challenge II
• Reduce life cycle emissions and improve energy balance
• Convince
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Policy maker
Farmer
Investors
Stake holder in industries
The consumer and the general public
NGOs
Authorities
The Press
• Cooperate internationally
www.ieabioenergy.com
Bioenergy roadmap urgently needed
• Roadmap must include the whole value chain
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All biogenic feedstocks
Logistic
Conversion technologies
All markets
• Must be coordinated with
– National action plans
– Involved General Directorates
– Existing platforms
Thank you for your
attention!
My personal approach to NTBs
• NTBs are not easy to handle for scientists and engineers
• Time and money are the utmost limiting factor in the
technological development
• Economy is the outstanding challenge
• All people like „Sustainable development“, but nobody
will pay for it
Development versus development costs
105
Competition
Mature technology
104
Demonstration
Field tests
Pilot plant
First tests in practice
Valley
of
death?
Laboratory
Literature study
101
Time
Output to input
Agricultural productivity 1948-96 in the
US
Input
Output
Ouput:Input
World energy consumption until 2060
1500
EJ/year
Shell Scenario „Sustainable Growth“
noch offen
Geo
Geo- / ozea ni
Energie
Sola renergie
Solar
1000
NewBio
N eue Bioma ss
Wind
Windenergie
Hydro
Wa sserkra ft
Trad.Biomass
500
Nuc.P.
Tra d. Bioma ss
Kernkra ft
Nat.Gas
Erdga s
Oil
Erdöl
Coal
Kohle
0
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2020
2040
2060
2050