Transcript PowerPoint 演示文稿 - China

Briefing on Science and Technology in China
Ge Songxue
Counselor
Embassy of China
E-mail: [email protected]
The State Council
http://english.gov.cn
The State Council is the highest organ of
State administration in China. It issues
important documents, such as:
The National Medium- and Long-term
Program for Science and Technology
Development (2006-2020)
The 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/index.htm
The Ministry of Science and Technology is an executive
organ of the central government. Its missions include:
to research and set forth the macro strategies for science and
technology development, as well as guidelines, policies and
regulations for science and technology to promote economic
and social development;
to conduct research on key issues relating to the promotion
of economic and social development by science and technology;
to take charge of the bilateral and multilateral governmental
science and technology cooperation programs.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
http://english.cas.cn/
CAS is the nation’s highest academic institution in
natural sciences and its supreme scientific and
technological advisory body, and national comprehensive
research and development center in natural sciences and
high technology.
It has 90 research institutes, two universities, and more
than 43,000 professional staff and 38,000 graduate
students. The Academic Divisions of CAS consists of six
divisions with 706 CAS Members and 44 Foreign
Members.
The Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
http://www.cae.cn/english/index.jsp
CAE is the most respected and highest academic
advisory institution in China’s engineering community.
Its missions are to initiate and conduct strategic studies,
provide consultancy services for decision-making of
nation’s key issues in engineering and technological
sciences and promote the development of the undertaking
of engineering and technological sciences in China and
devote itself to the benefit and welfare of the society.
It currently has 439 academicians, including seven
members from overseas.
The China Association for Science and Technology (CAST)
http://english.cast.org.cn/
CAST is the largest national non-governmental organization
of scientific and technological workers in China. Through its
nearly 200 member societies and local branches all over the
country, the organization maintains close ties with millions of
Chinese scientists, engineers and other people working in the
fields of science and technology.
Since its inauguration, CAST has made significant
contributions to the prosperity and development of science and
technology, to the popularization of science and technology
among the public, to the emerging of large numbers of
professional talents, and to the overall economic and social
development in China.
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/Portal0/default106.htm
In accordance with the Government's guiding principles, policies and plans for the national
development of science and technology, NSFC directs, coordinates and financially supports
basic research and applied basic research, identifies and fosters scientific talents, promotes
science and technology, and pushed ahead economic and social development in China.
NSFC complies and distributes the Guide to Programs for basic and applied basic research,
receives research proposals from universities and/or institutions all over the country, prepares
peer reviews and sessions of evaluation panels, and selects the proposals of higher caliber to
grant;
NSFC provides, at request, advisory services on major issues related to the national
strategic development of basic and applied basic research in China;
NSFC supports activities of national professional science foundations, and provides them
with its coordination and guidance in their plans and decisions of research programs;
NSFC develops cooperative relations with science foundations and relevant scientific
organizations in other countries and regions, and conducts active international scientific
cooperation and exchange.
In 2006, NSFC arranged the annual funding totaling ¥4.463 billion yuan and approved
13,600 projects of various types.
the Outline of the National Medium- and Long-term
Program for Science and Technology Development
(2006-2020)
The State Council issued the Outline as a guideline for
China's S&T development.
The guiding principles for S&T activities are:
• Proprietary innovations;
• Leaping development in priority fields;
• Enabling the development;
• Leading the future.
The Outline declares the following strategic focuses in
science and technology for the 15 years term:
Energy, water resources, and environmental protection
related technologies should enjoy priority in development;
Make proprietary intellectual property in equipment
manufacturing and information industries;
Enhance biotechnological application in agriculture,
industry, population and health;
Accelerate the development of aerospace and marine
technologies;
Strengthen basic research and cutting-edge technology
development.
The State Council promulgates a number of supporting
policies for ensuring the implement of the Outline. These
policies involve:
S&T investment;
taxation incentives;
favorable loans;
venture capital investment;
financial service;
government procurement;
combined strength of industry, universities and research
institutes;
intellectual property creation and protection;
capacity building of talented workforce;
education and scientific literacy;
S&T innovation centers and platforms;
overall planning and coordination, etc.
The Outline defines several major special projects, including:
( 1)core electronic devices, (2)high-end generic chips and basic
software, (3)super large-scale integrated circuit manufacturing
technologies and techniques, (4)next-generation broadband mobile
telecommunication, (5)high-end numerically controlled machine
tools and basic manufacturing techniques, (6)large oil-gas fields and
coal-bed methane, (7)large advanced pressurized water reactors and
high temperature gas-coolant reactor nuclear power stations, (8)water
body contamination control and treatment, (9)new genetically
modified varieties, (10)major new drugs, prevention and treatment of
major infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis,
(11)key design and manufacture technologies for large passenger
aircraft, (12)high resolution earth observation systems, (13)manned
space flights, (14)moon probe.
The Law on Science and Technology Progress
An amendment adopted on Dec. 29, 2007 to the Law on Science and
Technology Progress including 5 major points:
Innovation-oriented laws, regulations and scientific and technological
development plans should be improved to create "a favorable mechanism"
for innovation;
The state will implement the strategy for intellectual property rights
for turning scientific achievements into productive force;
Heads of state-owned enterprises will be appraised according to the
scale of innovation-oriented investments, and innovative capacity and
efficiency;
While showing tolerance to scientific failures, the law brooks no
scientific fraud;
Set up systems for the integration and sharing of science and
technology resources.
Science and Technology Programs
China has developed the following major national S&T
programs:
National Key basic Research Development Program,
National Key Technologies R&D Program,
Hi-tech Research & Development Program,
R&D Infrastructure and Facility Program among
others.
China will establish its own technical benchmarks and
enhance the support to industrial technology innovations, as
well as to reinforce IP management, establish S&T
evaluations system desirable for innovation.
National Key Basic Research Development Program
(973 Program)
The objective is to mobilize China’s scientific talents in
conducting innovative research on major scientific issues in
agriculture, energy, information, resources and
environment, population and health, materials, and related
areas. This is in accordance with the objectives and tasks of
China’s economic, social, and S&T development goals
leading up to the mid 21st century. The Program will build
up a solid S&T foundation for the sustainable socioeconomic development of our nation.
National Key Technologies R&D Program
The Program focuses on R&D and application aspects
of generic technologies, and key technologies for public
good. While addressing key technical issues encountered in
major projects, it strengthens the integrated innovation, and
re-innovations. It also deals with key technical issues that
have to be addressed at the national, inter-disciplinary, or
inter-regional levels. It endeavors to land breakthroughs in
key technologies, raise industrial competitiveness, and
provide support for a coordinated socio-economic
development.
National High-tech Research & Development Program
(863 Program)
The Program commits to addressing strategic, advanced,
and forward-looking hi-tech issues that are key to the
nation’s future development and security. It plays a leading
role in the future development of emerging industries by
developing, integrating and applying proprietary high
technologies, covering 10 priority fields: IT,
bio/pharmaceutical-technology, advanced materials
technology, advanced manufacturing technology, energy
technology, resource and environment technology, marine
technology, advanced agricultural technology,
transportation technology, as well as earth monitor and
navigation technology.
R&D Infrastructure and Facility Program
The Program aims to adjust, enrich, and strengthen the S&T
capacity of national S&T research bases of different kinds. It
rationalizes the distribution of and efforts to build up S&T capacity.
It conducts basic S&T activities involving basic data and national
standards, resource specimens, etc. It also provides shared resources
and conditions for scientific research and technical development.
The Program contents include: (1) State Key Laboratories
Development Program, (2) National Key Science Projects Program,
(3) National Engineering Technology Research Centers Development
Program, (4) R&D Infrastructure and Facility Development Program,
(5) S&T Basic Work Program, (6) Program on Research for Public
Good, and (7) Program on Key International S&T Cooperative
Projects.
Policy Guidance Endeavors
The endeavors aim at creating a favorable policy environment
for more innovativeness, and for the sustainable development at the
local and regional levels. It encourages enterprises to become a key
player in technology innovations, with the synergy of industry,
universities and research institutes, promoting application,
demonstration, diffusion, and commercial application of S&T
findings.
The contents include: (1) the Spark Program, (2) the Torch
Program, (3) the Guiding Engineering for Technology Innovation,
(4) National Key New Products Plan, (5) Initiative Action for
Regional Sustainable Development, and (6) National Soft Science
Research Program.
Science Outreach Activities
Popular science is a major S&T policy in China. It refers to
popularizing S&T knowledge, promoting scientific approaches,
disseminating scientific ideas, and carrying forward scientific spirit.
China has offices for the purpose in government agencies at
different levels.
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Popularization of
Science and Technology went into effect on June 29, 2002.
The State Council issued in 2006 the Outline for Raising
People’s Scientific Literacy (2006-2010-2020).
Popular science activities take diverse forms, including National
Science Week, scientific exhibitions and shows, popular science
caravans and trains, as well as mobilizing the mass media to promote
public awareness of science.
International Science and Technology Cooperation
The principle of China’s international S&T
cooperation is “equality and mutual benefit, sharing
findings, protecting intellectual property, and observing
international norms”.
The Chinese government has established cooperative
ties with 152 countries and international organizations, and
signed 102 bilateral agreements with 96 countries.
The Chinese government has played a leading role in
international S&T cooperation. It stimulates active
participation in large international science and engineering
projects; encourages qualified universities, research
institutes, and enterprises to establish joint R&D centers
with their foreign counterparts; supports and employs
qualified foreign experts to work for China under
diversified arrangements, including research cooperation,
academic exchanges, and training programs.
The China-India bilateral S&T cooperation
The Ministerial-level Committee on Science and
Technology Cooperation is the Steering Committee,
responsible for macro decision and policy guidance;
The Secretary-level Committee on Science and
Technology Cooperation is the Joint Committee,
responsible for projects approval and governance;
The Director-level Committee on Science and
Technology Cooperation is the Working Group,
responsible for calling for projects proposals and
management.
China-India Joint Declaration
Nov. 2006 when President Hu Jintao visiting India
VIII. Boosting Cooperation in Science and Technology:
The two sides shall establish a China-India Partnership in
Science and Technology.
Agree to launch joint projects in the areas of:
(1) earthquake engineering;
(2) climate change and weather forecasting;
(3) nano-technology with focus on advanced materials;
(4) biotechnology and medicines with focus on bio-nano.
The cooperation framework shall include entrepreneurs
on both side, besides the two Governments and their
respective institutions.
Agreed in the China-India Joint Declaration
to strengthen bilateral cooperation in the fields:
Nuclear energy;
Space-based technologies for peaceful and
developmental applications;
Agriculture;
water resources;
Environment;
Infrastructure;
Information technology;
Health, education, media, culture, etc.
There is enough space for China and
India to grow together, achieve a higher
scale of development.
Let’s work for it.
Thank you.