THE ANIMAL KINGOM

MRS. BENDER

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

 EUKARYOTES: NUCLEUS FOUND IN THE CELL  ANIMAL  PLANT  FUNGUS  PROTISTS  PROKARYOTES: NO NUCLEUS FOUND IN THE CELL  BACTERIA

OBTAINING FOOD

 HETEROTROPHS   CAN NOT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD ANIMALS AND FUNGI    HERBIVORES……EAT PLANTS CARNIVORES…EAT MEAT OMNIVORES….EAT BOTH PLANT AND ANIMALS  AUTOTROPHS  MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS  PLANTS

REPRODUCTION

 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION  ONE ORGANISM  BUDDING, FRAGMENTATION, BINARY FISSION  BACTERIA  OFFSPRING EXACTLY LIKE PARENT  SEXUAL REPRODUCTION  TWO ORGANISMS  GENETIC VARIATION

CLASSIFICATION

 INVERTEBRATE  NO BACK BONE  95%  JELLYFISH, WORMS, SNAILS, CRABS, SPIDERS, INSECTS  VERTEBRATE  HAVE A BACKBONE  FISH, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, MAMMALS

SPONGES

 PHYLUM PORIFERA  OPENINGS ON BODY CALLED PORES  FEED STRAINING FOOD PARTICLES FROM WATER, THROUGH COLLAR CELLS FROM THE CENTRAL CAVITY  GET OXYGEN FROM WATER  REPRODUCE BY BUDDING, ASEXUAL

CNIDARIANS

 JELLYFISH, SEA ANEMONES, CORAL  HAVE STINGING CELLS TO CAPTURE FOOD  HOLLOW CENTRAL CAVITY INTO WHICH THEY TAKE FOOD  THEY ARE CARNIVORES  HAVE TWO STAGES  POLYP STAGE DOES NOT MOVE  MEDUSA STAGE DOES MOVE

WORMS

 PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES: FLAT WORMS       PARASITES- LIVE ON OR IN OTHER ORGANISMS AND CAUSE HARM HOST-ORGANISM THEY LIVE IN TAPEWORMS PLANARIAN- NON PARASITIC PHYLUM NEMATODA: ROUND WORMS  SOME PARASITIC, CARNIVORES, HERBIVORES  DIGESTIVE SYSTEM- TUBE OPEN ON BOTH ENDS, MOUTH AND ANUS PHYLUM ANNELIDA: SEGMENTED WORMS    PARASITES-LEECHES SEGMENTED, EARTHWORMS CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, BLOOD STAYS WITHIN VESSELS

MOLLUSKS

        INVERTEBRATES COVERED WITH SHELL MANTLE- TISSUE THAT COVERS THEIR INTERNAL ORGANS GILLS- REMOVE OXYGEN FROM WATER RADULA- RIBBON LIKE TEETH USED FOR SCRAPPING GASTROPODS  SINGLE SHELL, SNAIL AND SLUGS BIVALVES  TWO SHELLS, CLAMS, OYSTERS, SCALLOPS, MUSSELS CEPHALOPODS  TENTACLES TO CAPTURE FOOD   OCTOPUS, CUTTLEFISH, NAUTILUSES, SQUID SHELL INSIDE BODY…SQUID OR NO SHELL….OCTOPUS

ARTHROPODS

 INVERTEBRATES  EXOSKELETON- EXTERNAL SKELETON MADE OF CHITIN  PROTECTS THE BODY   PREVENTS EVAPORATION, SO ANIMAL DOES NOT DRY OUT MOLTING- THE PROCESS OF SHEDDING AN OUTGROWN EXOSKELETION  SEGMENTED BODIES  JOINTED ATTACHMENTS CALLED APPENDAGES  GROUPS  CRUSTACEANS….LOBSTER CRAYFISH  ARACHNIDS…..SPIDERS, TICKS, MITES, SCORPIONS   INSECTS….BUTTERFLIES, BEETLES, BEES, FLYS, GRASSHOPPERS MILLIPEDES…HERBIVORES, 2 PAIR OF LEGS PER SEGMENT  CENTIPEDES…CARNIVORES, 1 PAIR OF LEGS PER SEGMENT

FISH

 VERTEBRATES  GILLS TO OBTAIN OXYGEN  LATERAL LINE- SENSES PRESSURE  SWIM BLADDER HELPS TO MOVE UP AND DOWN IN WATER  BOUYANT FORCE, ADJUSTS THE VOLUME OF GAS  EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION  GUPPIES AND SHARKS HAVE INTERNAL FERTILIZATION  JAWLESS FISH…..HAGFISH AND LAMPREYS  CARTILAGINOUS FISH…. SHARKS, SKATES AND RAYS  BONY FISH…95% OF ALL SPECIES

AMPHIBIANS

 ECTOTHERMS—  VERTEBRATES  BEGIN LIFE IN WATER  SOFT EGGS, WHICH NEED TO BE LAYED IN MOIST AREA  MOST PARENTS DO NOT CARE FOR YOUNG  TOADS, FROGS, SALAMANDERS

REPTILES

 ECTOTHERMS  SCALEY SKIN  LUNGS  HARD COVERING ON EGGS  SNAKES, LIZARDS, TURTLES. CROCODILES, ALLIGATORS  SPEND ENTIRE LIFE ON LAND  EGGS, SKIN AND KIDNEYS ARE USED TO CONSERVE WATER

BIRDS

 ENDOTHERMIC  VERTEBRATE  FEATHERS  CONTOUR FEATHER- LARGE FEATHERS USED IN FLIGHT  DOWN FEATHERS- USED FOR INSULATION  FOUR CHAMBER HEART  INTERNAL FERTILIZATION AND THEN LAY EGGS  CROP USED TO STORE FOOD  GIZZARD USED TO GRIND FOOD

MAMMALS

 ENDOTHERMIC  VERTEBRATE  FOUR CHAMBER HEART  SKIN COVERED WITH HAIR OR FUR  YOUNG ARE BORN ALIVE  PRODUCE MILK TO FEED YOUNG

DIVERSITY OF MAMMALS

 MONOTREMES  MAMMALS THAT LAY EGGS  SPINY ANT EATER  PLATYPUS  MARSUPIALS  YOUNG BORN ALIVE BUT CONTINUE TO DEVELOP IN A POUCH  SHORT GESTATION PERIOD  KANGAROOS, KOALAS, WALLABIES, OPOSSUMS  PLACENTAL  DEVELOP INSIDE THEIR MOTHER’S BODY  VARYING GESTATION PERIOD

PLACENTAL MAMMALS

 INSECT EATERS……. STAR NOSED MOLES  FLYING MAMMALS…….BATS

 PRIMATES…..APES, CHIMPS, MONKEYS  RODENTS…….MICE, RATS, BEAVERS, SQUIRRELS  RABBITS AND HARES  TOOTHLESS MAMMALS……SLOTHS, ARMADILLOS  CARNIVORES…LIONS, CATS, DOGS, OTTERS  MARINE MAMMALS…..WHALES, MANATEES, DOLPHINS  HOOFED MAMMALS…..COWS, HORSES, DEER  MAMMALS WITH TRUNKS…..ELEPHANTS