Transcript Design for Sustainability

DQE
Design for Sustainability
University of Limerick, Ireland
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
1
DQE
Design for
Sustainability
“Designing to improve the quality of life
today, without compromising the quality of
life of tomorrow”
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
2
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Objectives
Learners will:
• be able to explain and defend the importance of
‘Design for Sustainability’.
• appreciate the potential for change and innovation
during design stage.
• be able to rank materials in accordance with their
environmental impact.
• consider the factors involved with using recycled
materials.
• have a knowledge of the various techniques involved
in reducing the environmental impact of products.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Importance of “Design
for Sustainability”
Design for Sustainability aims:
“to take all global and regional socio-economic
concerns into account in products and services,
meeting the needs of society now and in the future,
moving from a product to a service oriented
system.”
• In order to design sustainable products and
services, innovation, creativity and new ideas are
required by designers.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Importance of “Design
for Sustainability”
On a global scale current design of products are
seen to hinder Sustainability.
Designers ironically increasing focus on disposables.
e.g. razors, nappies, pens, packaging.
4 R’s regarding design for sustainability:
Repair Refine Redesign Rethink
Movement towards rethinking situations and
function radically changing towards achieving
needs through different means.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Repair -> Rethink
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Sustainability
Benefits
Adapted from:
[Thompson and
Sherwin, 2001]
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Examples of Success
• The “BayGen” radio was renowned for eliminating
the need for batteries. – (example of ReDesign)
• A “FRIA cooling chamber” (refrigerator) was
designed and developed, which can be built into a
house in a north facing exterior wall. – (example of
ReThink)
[Tischner and Charter, 2001]
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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LOW = 1
Aggregate
Asphalt
Brick
Cardboard
Ceramics
Concrete
Wood
21/07/2015
Impact Ranking of
General Materials
MEDIUM = 5
Cement
Fabrics
Diesel, Petrol
Electricity
Glass
Leather
Most Plastics
Natural Gas
Paper
Rubber
Steel
HIGH = 15
Aluminum
Light Bulbs
Computes
Paint
Polycarbonate
Polystyrene
Stainless Steel
VERY HIGH = 50
Brass
Cadmium
Chromed Steel
Chromium
Copper
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Using Recycled
Materials
Using recycled materials instead of virgin materials
significantly reduces the Impact rating of a product.
Guidelines for designing with recycled plastics:
• Specify thicker walls or features that enhance
rigidity in a design where increased strength must
compensate for reduced strength in material.
• Select applications where color is not critical when
recycled plastics come with a variety of colorants.
Additional colorants may mask the original color of
the material.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
9
DQE
Design for
Recyclability
Product design can make a significant contribution to
recyclability. Here are some criteria to follow:
• Reduce the quantity of different types of materials.
• Select materials that are in mutually compatible groups,
e.g. for plastics – ABS, PET or PVC, PMMA
• To aid recycling, avoid materials which are difficult to
separate such as laminates, fire-retardants and fiberglass
reinforcements.
• Avoid polluting elements such as stickers that interfere with
recycling, or glues.
• Use materials which can be easily recycled.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
10
DQE
Design for
Disassembly
“To ensure easy accessibility for inspection, cleaning, repair
and replacement of vulnerable/sensitive sub-assemblies or
parts.”
• Use fasteners such as snap, screws/‘smart screws’ or
bayonet, instead of welded, glued or soldered connections.
• Position joints so that the product does not need to be
turned or moved for dismantling.
• Indicate on the product how it should be opened nondestructively, e.g., where and how to apply leverage with a
screwdriver to open snap connections.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Design for Light-weight
• This strategy focuses on optimising the volume and
weight of materials so less energy is used during
production, transport and storage.
• Products are often deliberately designed to be heavy
or large in order to project a quality image.
For Example:
• Use reinforcing ribs instead of using thick-walled
components.
• Reduce the volume in transportation: Consider foldable
or stackable designs and final product assembly at the
retail location or by the end-user.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Design for LightWeight
Case Study (outline):
S.C. Johnson Wax has saved over $5 million by
“lightweighting” its candle and aerosol products. It
reduced the weight of its Glade candles by six per
cent, decreasing material use by 1,536 tons and
increasing shipping efficiency without a reduction
in the life or quality of the candles. As well, it
reduced the amount of material used in its aerosol
products, cutting plastic use by 1,200 tons and
packing material by 600 tons.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Design for Less &
Reduction of Consumables
• Application of design that will lead to lower, or
more efficient use of consumables such as water,
oil, filters, cleaners during a product’s life span.
• Design the product to minimize the use of auxiliary
materials, e.g., use a permanent filter in coffee
makers instead of paper filters.
• Minimize possible leaks from machines that use
high volumes of consumables by, for example,
installing a leak detector.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Re-manufacture &
Re-furbishing Considerations
• Design a modular product structure so that each
module can be detached and re-manufactured in
the most suitable way.
• Design parts/components to facilitate ease of
cleaning/repair and retrofitting prior to re-use.
• Indicate parts/components that must be lubricated
or maintained in a specific way through color
coding or integral labels.
• Consider the tooling requirements for remanufacturing in the physical design of
parts/components.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Comparing Different
Sustainable Solutions
The Spider
Diagram on the
Right shows two
different design
solutions. Their
effectiveness can
be compared and
contrasted.
More indicators can
be added into the
Spider Diagram.
21/07/2015
[Tischner, 2001]
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Further Information
DQE
•
ISO 14062 (Design for the Environment)
covers the integration of environmental
aspects into product design, improving the
environmental performance of products.
Useful Links: http://www.sis.se/upload/631709776611250000.pdf
http://www.scientificjournals.com/sj/ehs/Pdf/aId/5718
http://www.fivewinds.com/uploadedfiles_shared/DesignForEnvironment040127.pdf
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/aboutiso/introduction/index.html
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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References
DQE
[1.]
Thompson, P. and C. Sherwin, 'AWARENESS' Sustainability by
industrial design, in Sustainable solutions :developing products
and services for the future, M. Charter and U. Tischner, Editors.
2001, Greenleaf Publishing: Sheffield, UK.
[2.]
Tischner, U. and M. Charter, Sustainable Product Design, in
Sustainable solutions :developing products and services for the
future, M. Charter and U. Tischner, Editors. 2001, Greenleaf
Publishing: Sheffield, UK.
[3.]
Tischner, U., Tools for Ecodesign and Sustainable Product
Design, in Sustainable solutions :developing products and
services for the future, M. Charter and U. Tischner, Editors. 2001,
Greenleaf Publishing: Sheffield, UK.
21/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
18