Transcript Product Life Cycle Analysis and Management (LCAM)

DQE
Product Life Cycle Analysis
and Management (LCAM)
Knowledge Management Module
WFG
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
1
DQE
Module Objectives
Learners will:
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understand the meaning LCA/M
appreciate why LCA is worthwhile
be able to explain the stages in LCA
be able to determine energy usage at various
stages of a products life-cycle
• consider factors in waste reduction
• Appreciate the importance of reuse and recycle
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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What is LCAM?
DQE
• It is a technique used for the evaluation of the
environmental/ecological impact during all the
stages of a products life.
• It involves:
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Design and functionality of the Product
The extraction and processing of materials
The processes used in manufacturing
Packaging and distribution
How the product is used
Recycling, reuse and disposal
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
3
Concepts/
Methodologies?
DQE
• Cradle to Grave* (open loops).
– Design for minimisation, disposal and recycling
(disposable cameras & razors)
• Cradle to Cradle* (closed loops).
– Design for recycle, reuse and remanufacture.
(reusable packaging, upgradeable modular components)
*A mixture of both approaches may apply
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
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Where & Why is LCA
used?
Designers use LCA in the development stages
Used by manufacturers at production stage
Used to re-design/ re-engineer existing products
Used in the comparative analysis of products
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Reduce costs throughout a life-cycle
Improve efficiency
Reduce environmental impact
Compliance with environmental legislation
Product Marketing (eco-labelling)
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Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Energy/Eco Labels
examples
Washing
Machine
The Flower is the symbol of
the European Eco-label, and is
a guide to greener products
and services.
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Where not to use LCA?
• To answer environmental impacts of a
company.
• To answer questions relating to one resource
or substance.
• To answer questions regarding location.
• To answer risk related questions.
• LCA does not address economic or social
aspects of a product.
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Relationship of
Activities
Activities
Wastes
Energy
(material,
(total LC)
Activities
emissions
etc.)
(Product design,
manufacture
and use)
Raw materials
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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Stages in PLC
DQE
Block diagram of PLC activities
Raw
materials
Energy
Chain
Supply
Product
Design
Materials
production
Product
manufacture
Disposal
17/07/2015
Product
in use
Recycle
Product
end of life
Reuse
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Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Scope of a LCA
From – www.envirowise.co.uk
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Stages of a LCA
• Identify and Quantify the environmental loads
(energy and raw materials used, and emissions and wastes
consequently released).
• Assess and evaluate their potential impacts.
• Assess the opportunities available to bring about
improvements.
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
11
DQE
Elements in a LCA
Goal & Scope
Definition
Inventory
Analysis
Interpretation
Impact
Assessment
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
12
DQE
LCA Elements Explained
Purpose & System Boundaries
Goal & Scope
Definition
What Product is the LCA going to deal with?
Single Product or Product Comparison?
Any impinging criteria e.g. Quality Concerns?
Inventory
Analysis
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Energy & Materials (inputs)
& Emissions (outputs)
Waste
A listing of the quantities of all the above
areas over the entire life-cycle, from cradle to
grave.
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
LCA Elements Explained
Classification, Characterisation & Valuation
Impact
Assessment
What is the significance of potential
environmental impacts?
An iterative process of reviewing goals and
scope determining if objectives are been met.
Conclusions & Recommendations
Interpretation
What is the significance of potential
environmental impacts?
Must be consistent with the goal of the study.
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Life Cycle of a Light Bulb
Pre-Production
Production
Distribution
Use
Disposal
Packaging
Energy
Energy
Energy
Glass
Energy
Energy
Lamp
Manufacture
Packaging
&
Transport
Lighting Bulb
Plastic
Available
World
Resources
Extraction
Exploration
Production
Processing
Electronics
Aluminimum
LAMP
Copper/ Brass
Steel
Incandescent
Tungsten Halogen
Compact fluorescent
Fluorescent Strip
Disposal
Process
Mercury
Phospors
Emissions &
Waste
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Other
Emissions &
Waste
Emissions &
Waste
Emissions &
Waste
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Emissions &
Waste
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DQE
Life Cycle of a Light Bulb
• Pre-Production:
– Obtaining the raw materials from which the various
components that make up a light bulb are manufactured.
– The Manufacture of Components.
– The transport to the manufacturing site.
• Production:
– Further processing of materials and the assembly of
components to produce the finished light bulb.
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Life Cycle of a Light Bulb
• Distribution:
– The packaging of the light bulb and their transport from
the place of manufacture to retail outlets.
• Utilization:
– The use of the light bulb in domestic or commercial
settings to provide light.
• Disposal:
– The throwing away of the light bulb at the end of its life.
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
Life Cycle of a Light Bulb
• From carrying out the LCA of a Light Bulb it has
been identified that the greatest environmental
impact comes from the “Utilization” phase.
• The “Disposal” phase of a Light Bulb is restricted
as it cannot easily be reused or recycled.
• Could it be possible to repair/ reuse Light Bulbs?
• The major environmental impact arises from the “In
Use” stage of a Light Bulb.
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
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DQE
LCA Conclusions
Product Life Cycle Analysis:
Evaluates the environmental + ecological impact
during all the stages of a product’s life cycle
It becomes obvious that the greatest influence
on the life cycle energy usage is at the design
stage of a product
Forward planning at the design stage will reduce
the environmental impact of the product. At this
satge 70/80% of costs are determined.
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
19
DQE
ISO & Life Cycle
Assessment
• ISO 14040:1997 - ‘Principles and Framework’
• ISO 14041:1999 - ‘Goal and Scope Definition and
Inventory Analysis’
• ISO 14042:2000 - ‘Life Cycle Impact Assessment’
• ISO 14043:2000 - ‘Life Cycle Interpretation’
• ISO/TR 14048 - ‘Life Cycle Assessment data
documentation format’
• ISO/TR 14049 - ‘Examples of Application’
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
20
DQE
Useful Links
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http://www.umich.edu/~nppcpub/resources/compendia/CORPpdfs/CORPlca.pdf
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http://www.gdrc.org/uem/lca/life-cycle.html
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http://www.recycle-steel.org/PDFs/ratesheet.pdf
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http://www.life-cycle.org/
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http://www.tececo.com/sustainability.life_cycle_analysis.php
17/07/2015
Towards the Sustainable Region /DQE / 2NOO27I
Project co-financed by the Structural Funds
21