Chapter 9 Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Spreads

Nations Race to Industrialize (298-300)     First, nations such as Germany, France, and the united states had more abundant supplies of coal, iron ,and other resources then did Britain.

The first American textile factory was built in Pawtucket, Rhode island with plans smuggled out of Britain.

American inventor Robert Fulton powered his steamboat with one of James Watt’s steam engines.

Germany united into a powerful nation in 1871.

Uneven Development (298-300)

    Other nations industrialized more slowly particularly those in eastern and southern Europe because they lacked natural resources or the capital to invest in industry.

Only in the late 1800’s more than 100 years after Britain did Russia lumber toward industrialization.

In east Asia, however Japan offered a remarkable success story. Although Japan lacked many basic resources it industrialized rapidly after 1868 because of a political revolution that made modernization a priority.

Effects of Industrialization (300)

    The new industrial nations underwent social changes such as rapid urbanization.

Men woman an children worked long hours in difficult an dangerous conditions. The factory system produced huge quantities of new goods at lower prices than ever before.

The demand for goods created jobs as, as did the building of cities railroads an factories.

Steel Production and the Bessemer Process (300-301)  William Kelly and Henry Bessmer developed a new process for making steel.

 Steel became a major material used in tools, bridges, and railroads.

 Average German steel mill produced less than 5 million metric tons of steel a year.  By 1910 that figure reached nearly 15 million metric tons SWAG!~

Innovations in Chemistry (301)

 In 1866 Swedish chemist Alfred Noble invented dynamite.  Earned nobles huge fortune.

Electric Power Replaces Steam (301)

 Machine that created electricity.  The first battery in 1800.

 Thomas Edison created the first light bulb for machine.

New Methods of Production (301-302)   Factories used large #’s of workers and power driven machines to mass produce goods.

By early 1900’s, manufactures had introduced a new method of production called the assembly line.

The Automobile Age Begins (302)

 They had gasoline internal combustion engine  Karl Benz received an patent for the first automobile (it only had three wheels)  Later gottlieb daimler introduced the first four wheel automobile.  Henry Ford started making models that reached 25 mph.

Airplane Takes Flight (302)

 In 1903, American bicycle makers Orville and Wilbur Wright designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

 Soon Dare-devil pilots were flying airplanes across the English channel and over the Alps.

The Automobile Age Begins.

Airplanes Takes Flight.

Rapid Communication (302-303)

 An American inventor Samuel F. B. Morse developed telegraph. The first telephone line went into between Washington D.C and Baltimore in 1844.

Guglielmo Marconi had invented the radio in 1890.

Rise of Big Business (303)

 New technologies investments of large amount of money. Large scale companies such as steel foundries. Needed so much capital that they sold hundreds of thousands of shares. These business formed giant corporations .

Move Toward Monopolies (303-304)

 Powerful business leaders created monopolies and trusts, huge corporate structures that controlled entire industries or areas. In Germany, Alfred Krupp inherited a steelmaking business from his father. In the United states, John D. Rockefeller built Standard oil Company into an empire. By gaining control oil wells, oil refineries, and oil pipelines.

Move Toward Regulation (304)

 It’s the rise of the big business and the creation of such a great wealth sparked a stormy debate. Some people saw the Krupp's and the Rockefellers as captains of industry. They pointed out the capitalist invested their wealth in world wide ventures. To the others the aggressive magnates were robber barons.