Transcript Baumrind’s Parenting Classifications

Baumrind’s Parenting
Classifications-topic #3
• 1967
• Used naturalistic observation and interviews.
• Four Important Dimensions of Parenting
1. Disciplinary strategies
2. Warmth and nurturance
3. Communication styles
4. Expectations of maturity and control
4 Styles of Parenting
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Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative/democratic
Uninvolved
Authoritarian
• Authoritarian parent parent who relies on
coercive techniques to discipline the child and
displays a low level of nurturance.
▫ Coercive techniques include threats or physical
punishment
▫ Places firm limits and controls on the child
▫ Little verbal exchange between the parent and the
child
Authoritarian
• Effects on the child
▫ Does not exhibit a strong social responsibility or sense
of independence
▫ Appears anxious about social comparison
▫ Does not initiate social activity
▫ Displays poor communication skills
▫ Boys—generally more aggressive
▫ Girls—generally more dependent
▫ In general appear unhappy
Authoritarian
• Effects extending to adolescence
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Less advanced moral reasoning
Less prosocial behavior
Lower self-esteem
Poorer adjustment to starting school
Permissive
• Permissive parent parent who sets few limits
on the child’s behavior
▫ Makes few demands on mature behavior
▫ Allows child to make own decisions about routine
behaviors including TV viewing, bedtime, and
mealtimes
▫ Either moderately nurturant or cool and
uninvolved
Permissive
• Effects on the child
▫ Does not exhibit a strong social responsibility or
sense of independence
▫ Displays low self-control
▫ Displays low self-reliance
▫ Displays a tendency to expect to get own way
Authoritative/Democratic
• Authoritative parent parent who sets limits on
a child’s behavior using reasoning and
explanation and displays a high degree of
nurturance
▫ Expects child to behave in a mature manner
▫ Uses rewards more than punishments
▫ Communicates expectations clearly and provides
explanations to help the child understand the
reasoning behind the expectations
▫ Listens to what the child has to say
▫ Encourages dialogue between the parent and child
Authoritative
• Effects on the child
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Self-reliant
Socially responsible
Friendly with peers
Cooperative with adults
Independent
Energetic
Achievement oriented
High degree of self-control
Authoritative
• Effects extending to adolescence
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More pro-social behaviors
Fewer problem behaviors (i.e. substance abuse)
Greater academic achievement
Higher self-confidence
Why is Authoritative best?
• Parent sets demands and guidelines on the child’s behaviors
▫ Child is aware of the responsibilities individuals have toward one
another when they live in social groups
▫ Child is better equip with an understanding of how to sort out the
social world
• Parental demands are accompanied with reasonable
explanations
▫ Child is more likely to accept the limitations of his or her actions
• Parent takes child’s responses into account and shows affection
toward the child
▫ Child is likely to acquire a sense of control over his or her actions
▫ Child is able to derive a sense of self worth
UNINVOLVED
• Parents are not around (choice or circumstance.)
• Parents are there but don’t act like it.
Uninvolved
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Effects:
Poor social skills
Self-esteem issues
Anger
Depression
Substance Abuse
Many similarities w/ authoritarian. ????
More stuff
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-Parents may use more than one parenting style
Tend to get “easier” with younger kids
Different styles for daughters/sons
Style is often determined by their view of their
own parents-mimic what was good, avoid what
they considered bad parenting