The Five Kingdoms

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

      

1. Monera

Simplest organisms, one celled, prokaryotic Found everywhere on earth, some are helpful, some harmful, consumers They need water , oxygen and appropriate temperature to survive Most feed on dead plants & animals Most do not move (non-motile) Asexual reproduction by binary fission (1  2) Sexual reproduction by conjugation

Cell Parts

1.

cytoplasm

2.

3.

4.

cell membrane cell wall some have flagella Cell Shapes



Round

(coccus, cocci) 

Rod-Shaped

(bacillus, bacilli) 

Spiral

(spirillum, spirilli)

Different Types of Bacteria

2. Protista

 Most one celled organisms, eukaryotic, most live in water 

PROTOZOA

– animal-like, move, consumers one-celled, (don’t make food) 

ALGAE

– plant-like, most one-celled, have chlorophyll, producers (m ake food) 

SLIME MOLDS

– fungus-like, one-celled, have 2 life stages (1 fungus-like life stage), consumers Amoeba Examples

Kingdom

PROTISTA

 Asexual reproduction by (individual breaks into pieces & each piece grows into a new individual) fragmentation  Sexual reproduction by alternation of generations

3. Fungi

 Multi-cellular, eukaryotic organisms  Most have large cells and many nuclei  Fungi have cell walls made of chitin  They are consumers, and grow in dark moist places  Asexual reproduction by budding (buds re grow to adult) & fragments (fragments grow to new adult)  Sexual reproduction by spores (spores germinate and produce new organism

Kingdom

FUNGI

4. Plantae

     Many-celled, eukaryotic Have cell walls made of cellulose Contain chlorophyll, they are producers (make their own food though photosynthesis) Live in both aquatic & land environments Plants do not move Examples include: mosses, ferns, grasses, shrubs, flowering plants (angiosperms), trees (gymnosperms)

Kingdom

PLANTAE

5. Animalia

 We will look at 9 phyla (plural of phylum)

1.

Poriferans 2.

Coelenterates 3.

Platyheminthes 4.

Nematodes 5.

Annelids 6.

7.

8.

9.

Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

Phylum:

Porifera (Sponges)

1. Porifera

(Sponges)  Simple organisms  2 cell layers  No head or mouth, no organs  digestion by diffusion  Porous body with stiff skeleton  Attached to underwater surfaces  Live in fresh water and salt water  No symmetry

Phylum

Coelenterata

2. Coelenterata

(jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals)  2 cell layers  Tentacles around the mouth  Tentacles have stinging cells  Mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity  Have radial symmetry  Most live in salt water  Nerve net (no head)

Phylum

Platyhelminthes

3. Platyhelminthes

(Flatworms) (flukes, tapeworms, planarians)  3 cell layers  Mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity  Many are parasitic (flukes, tapeworms)  Many live in the ocean (planarians)  Exhibit bilateral symmetry  Primitive brain, 2 longitudinal nerve cords, respond to stimuli (touch, light)

Phylum

Nematoda

4. Nematoda

(Round Worms) (hookworms, pinworms, trichinae)  Have tubular body  Have digestive tract with 2 openings  Live mainly in the soil, water or animal tissues  Reproduce sexually  Exhibit bilateral symmetry  Primitive brain, pharyngeal nerve ring, dorsal and ventral nerve cords

Phylum

Annelida

5. Annelida

(Segmented Worms) (earthworms, sandworms, leeches)  3 cell layers   Segmented body with pair of bristles on each segment Have circulatory, digestive & nervous systems (breathe through skin)  Sensory cells, more advanced brain, ventral nerve cord with ganglia  Move by contracting circular and longitudinal muscles

Phylum

Molluska

6. Mollusca

(snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids)  1.

2.

3.

 3 distinct body parts Head-foot Heart and organs Mantle Have soft body protected by 2 shells or no shell 1 shell ,  Live in fresh or salt water, or on land

Phylum

Arthropoda

 

7. Arthropoda

Have jointed legs, segmented bodies & exoskeleton, have bilateral symmetry They live in the water, land and air The 5 major classes include: 1. Crustaceans (Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp) 2. Arachnids – 8 legs, 2 body parts (Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions) 3. Insects – 6 legs, 3 body parts (Beetles, grasshoppers, dragonflies, butterflies) 4. Centipedes & 5.

Millipedes

Phylum

Echinodermata

8. Echinodermata

(starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea cucumbers)  Have 5 body parts (“arms”) radiating out  Have bumpy, spiny internal skeleton  Have “tube feet”  Live in salt water on ocean bottom  Exhibit radial symmetry

Phylum

Chordata

Kingdom: Animalia

9. Chordata

Phylum

All chordates have: 1.

Gill slits (they stay or disappear) 2.

Notochord (supporting rod of tissue along the back) 3.

Hollow nerve tube (runs along the back)   Most chordates have a back bone

(Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals)

Some chordates do not have a back bone (Tunicates and Lancelets)

Classes

Fish – live in water, breathe through gills, are covered by scales, and are cold-blooded Amphibians – live in moist environment, in or near water, or on land for short periods, have thin moist skin, and are cold-blooded Reptiles have dry scaly skin, are cold-blooded Birds – live on land & over H2O, have feathers, fly, breath through lungs, warm-blooded Mammals – live on land and in or near water, have hair, fur, females have mammary glands that produce milk for young. They lay eggs, or have pouches, or develop in the mother (live birth).