Transcript Olympic Sports

Выполнил ученик 9 класса
МОУ «СОШ п. Динамовский
Новобурасского района
Саратовской области»
Трофимов Владимир
Olympic Games - the largest international multisport event , held every four years. Tradition, which
existed in ancient Greece , was revived in the late
XIX century French philanthropist Pierre de
Coubertin . Olympic Games , also known as the
Summer Olympic Games, held every four years
since 1896 , except for years , who came to the
world wars . In 1924 were established Olympic
Winter Games, which were originally held in the
same year as the summer . However, since 1994 ,
during the Winter Olympics shifted by two years
with respect to the time of the summer games.
 In the same places for the Olympic Games are
held two weeks later, the Paralympic Games for
people with disabilities.
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1. Alpine Skiing
Downhill from the mountains on special
skis. Sport, as well as a popular form of
active recreation of millions of people
worldwide. Traditionally, the most
developed in countries such as Austria,
Italy, France, Switzerland, USA, Germany.
Birthplace of skiing the Alps are, in most
languages the very name of this species
is «alpine skiing»
 Foundation year - 1924.
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2. Cross-Country Skiing
Ski race at a certain distance on a
specially prepared track of a certain
category of persons ( age, sex , etc.) .
Refer to cyclic sports. Olympic sport
since 1924.
 First race in the women's ski speed held
in Norway in 1767. Then followed the
example of Norwegians Swedes and
Finns later fascination racing emerged in
Central Europe. In the late 19th - early
20th centuries in many countries there
were national ski clubs . In 1924 was
created the International Ski Federation
(FIS). In 2000 FIS comprised 98 national
federations.
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3. Ski Jumping
Sport, including ski jumping from
specially equipped kickers. Act as an
independent sport, and also included in
the program of Nordic Combined. Part
of the International Ski Federation
 Year of construction - 1924.
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4. Nordic Combined
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Olympic sport that combines its program
jumping ski jumping and cross-country skiing .
Another name - northern combination. Initially,
the most developed sport was in Norway in the
first four Winter Olympics (1924 , 1928, 1932 and
1936) took the podium Norwegians , and 12 of
the pre-war world championships Norwegians
won eight . As of the end of the 2010 Olympics
in Vancouver, Norwegians have won 11
Olympic gold medals in Nordic combined ,
followed by the Finns with 4 gold medals.
In recent years, the traditional Nordic
Combined program has undergone significant
changes . Currently held two individual
disciplines: the jump from conventional or large
trampoline ( one try) and a ski race for 10 km
freestyle . For each of these disciplines ,
general rules , with minor additions.
5. Freestyle
Type of skiing. Disciplines are freestyle ski
acrobatics, mogul, ski cross, 'HP,
slopestyle. By freestyle usually referred
nyuskul and style. Ski ballet [1] - one of
the disciplines of freestyle, which existed
until 1999, was excluded from the official
competition program.
 In international competitions, most
successfully in different disciplines of
freestyle athletes serve the U.S., Canada,
Norway, France, China, Australia.
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6. Snowboarding
Olympic sport , which consists in the
descent from the snowy slopes of the
mountains and the special projectile snowboarding. Initially, winter sport ,
although some extremaly mastered it even
in the summer , snowboarding on sandy
slopes ( sendbording ) .
 As often , snowboarding runs on
unprepared slopes and at high speeds , for
protection from injury used various
equipment - helmets , protection of joints ,
arms, legs, back .
 At the Winter Olympics in 1998 in Nagano
snowboarding was first included in the
Olympic program .
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7. Biathlon
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Winter Olympic sport that combines ski race with rifle
shooting . Biathlon is most popular in Germany, Russia ,
Austria, France, Norway, Sweden. C in 1993 and currently
the official international biathlon competitions , including
the World Cup and World Championships, held under the
auspices of the International Biathlon Union (English
International Biathlon Union, IBU - SMEs) .
Progenitor of biathlon competitions are considered military
patrols - sport , the rules of which resemble modern
biathlon team race . To date, there are many varieties of
biathlon , combining : ski race and shooting sports onion (
Acher biathlon) , snowshoe race and rifle shooting
(biathlon snowshoe ) race on skis hunting and shooting
hunting rifle ( hunting biathlon) . Among the non-winter
species isolated summer biathlon biathlon - it combines
running and shooting (cross- biathlon) , race on roller skis
and shooting ( roller ski biathlon) , and race on Mountain
bikes and shooting ( biathlon Mountain bikes ) . Of all the
varieties of biathlon only "classic" winter and summer
biathlon biathlon (all three varieties ) are supervised by
SMEs.
8. Figure Skating
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Skating sport. The basic idea is moving athlete or a couple
athletes on skates on the ice with the changes to the sliding
direction and execution of additional elements ( rotation jumps,
combinations of steps , supports , etc.) to the music.
Figure skating as a separate sport emerged in the 1860s and in
1871 was recognized at the I Congress skaters. The first
competition was held in Vienna in 1882 among men skaters.
In 1908 and 1920, figure skating competitions were held at the
Summer Olympics . It should be noted that figure skating is the
first of the winter sports , got into the Olympic program . Since
1924, figure skating is consistently ranked in the Winter Olympic
Games .
C in 1986 and currently the official international competitions in
figure skating , such as the World Cup , European
Championships, the Four Continents Championships and the
other held under the auspices of the International Skating Union
( ISU from the English . International Skating Union, ISU).
In figure skating isolated 5 disciplines : men 's figure skating ,
women 's figure skating , pairs figure skating, dancing and sports
group synchronized skating . Synchronized skating group is not
included in the official competition program , for this type of
figure skating championship held separate World Synchronized
Skating .
9. Skating
Skating or speed skating - a sport in
which you want as quickly as possible to
overcome certain distance skating on
the ice stadium in circles. Divided into
classic and short track. One of the oldest
sports. The earliest mention of the word
"horse" can be found in the "Anglo-Dutch
dictionary" Gemaha (1648). Most
ancient skates discovered by
archaeologists belonged Cimmerians nomadic tribe, who lived 3200 years ago
in the Northern Black Sea.
10. Short-track
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Form skating . In some competitions
athletes (usually 4-8 : the greater the
distance , the more athletes in the race )
while rolling on the oval ice track length
111.12 m track , usually located on a
normal hockey rink . Turns doing the inner
radius of 8 m , the distance between the
rounded - 28.85 m Length - 111.12 m - is
obtained by measuring the distance of 0.5
m from the edge . Go counterclockwise. In
the competition for the short distance to
the skaters turned on "pure" ice track with
the race from the start line for the race a
little bias ( the finish line with the photo finish
equipment is stationary ) . Long - let
ldouborochnuyu car after each race.
11. Bobsley
Winter Olympic sport , which is downhill
from the mountains on specially equipped
ice routes on managed sleigh - beans.
Switzerland is home to bobsled . Here in
1888, an English tourist Wilson Smith
interconnected two sledges with the board
and used them to travel from St. Moritz to
Celerina located somewhat lower .
 There, in St. Moritz , at the end of the XIX
century. was organized by the world's first
bobsled sports club, where they were
developed the basic rules of the
competition in the sport , and then sled
crew consisted of five people - three men
and two women. Further, the number of
crew members changed bobsleigh sled two , four, five and sometimes eight people.
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12. Skeleton
Winter Olympic sport , which is a descent of
the ice chute on dvuhpolozevyh sleigh on a
reinforced frame , the winner is determined
by the sum of two or four races. Skeleton is
considered the progenitor of the descent
from the mountains to the toboggan (
bespoloznyh wooden sleigh ) , common
among Canadian Indians. In the literature it
is referred to the emergence of the XVI
century.
 Information about sports luge date from the
middle of the XIX century , when the British
tourists in the Swiss Alps began to descend
on the sled on snowy mountain slopes.
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13. Toboggan
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Winter Olympic sport in which participants compete
in the downhill on single or double sleigh through a
prearranged route. Athletes are placed on a sled on
his back, feet first . Manage sleds made by changing
the position of the body . The first meeting of athletes
was organized in 1883 in Switzerland. In 1913 in
Dresden (Germany) founded the International Luge
Federation (International Schlittensportverband). This
organization operated facilities until 1935, when it
was included in the International Federation of
Bobsleigh and toboggan (FIBT). After deciding to
replace sled tobogganing in the Winter Olympic
Games in 1955 in Oslo ( Norway) was the first
championship of the world. In 1957 he founded the
International Luge Federation (Fédération
International de Luge de Course, FIL). Luge was
included in the Winter Olympics in 1964.
14. Hockey
Command sports game on the ice ,
which consists in the confrontation
between the two teams skating, which ,
passing the puck sticks tend to throw it in
the greatest number of times the opponent
and not to miss in his. The winning team ,
scored the highest number of goals in the
opponent's net. Traditionally considered to
be the birthplace of hockey in Montreal
(Canada) (although more recent studies
suggest superiority of Kingston, Ontario or
Windsor , Nova Scotia) . However, even
some of the XVI century Dutch paintings
shows a lot of people playing on a frozen
canal in like a hockey game. But , despite
this, the birthplace of modern hockey still
considered Canada .
15. Curling
Finally curling - a team sports game on
the icy ground. Participants at the two
teams on the ice in turn allowed special
heavy granite shells ("stones") toward the
marked target on the ice ("home") . From
each team - four players . It is known that
curling originated in Scotland in the early
XVI century , the actual evidence for the
existence of this sports game is curling sports
equipment (stone) , the surface of which is
stamped date of manufacture ("1511"),
found at the bottom of the drained pond in
Dunblane . The first historical mention of
curling found in medieval monastery books
, dated 1541 year , surviving in the Scottish
Paisley Abbey .