Transcript 新编英汉互译教程讲稿

新编英汉互译教程讲稿
英语专业四年级学生用
2006年9月
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Part
One
Basic Theories of Translation
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Task for today’s lesson
Chapter
1
A Brief Discussion of
Translation
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1.1 The Origin, Development and
Function of Translation
 To
some extent we can say that
translation has existed since people
began to use different languages to
communicate with one another.
 “Translation is almost as old as original
authorship and has a history as honorable
and as complex as that of any other
branch of literature” -- Theodore Savory
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1.1 The Origin, Development and
Function of Translation

The origin of translation:
 In Europe the liberated Greek slave Livius
Andronicus rendered Odyssey into Latin verse
in about 240 B.C.
 In China the record of translation dates back
to Zhou Dynasty (1066 B.C. -- 256 B.C.)
when translators were called Ji in the east,
Xiang in the south, Didi in the west, and Yi in
the north (东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄
鞮，北方曰译).
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1.1 The Origin, Development and
Function of Translation




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The development of translation (in China):
Sutra translation in China 佛经翻译
Scientific translation in late Ming Dynasty 明末科技
翻译
The translation of western sociology works 清末西
学译介
Translation in the 20th century (２０世纪２０年代起，西学东
渐风气日炽，翻译事业进入了蓬勃发展时期。许多学子负笈欧美，译著颇丰，
门类包括诗歌、小说、剧本等，译著按国别划分为苏俄、美国、英国、法国、
德国、日本等等。)

Translation after 1949
24 Translation since reform and opening up
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1.1 The Origin, Development and
Function of Translation

Functions of translation
 to help people better communicate with one
another
 to facilitate the development of culture and
civilization of all nations
 to promote global economic and cultural
development
 to enrich the ideas and expressions of the
target language
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1.2 Definition of Translation
Any
interpretation is translation.
Translation thus defined includes
intra lingual rewording, inter
lingual translation and inter
semiotic transmutation.
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1.2 Definition of Translation
 Translation
is the expression in one
language (or target language) of what
has been expressed in another
(source language), preserving
semantic and stylistic equivalences.
-- Dubois
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1.2 Definition of Translation
 Translating
consists in reproducing
in the receptor language the closest
natural equivalent of the source
language message, first in terms of
meaning and secondly in terms of
style.
--Eugene Nida
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1.2 Definition of Translation
 Translation
is a craft consisting in
the attempt to replace a written
message and/or statement in one
language by the same message
and/or statement in another language.
-- Peter Newmark
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1.2 Definition of Translation

Translation or translating is a communicative
activity or dynamic process in which the
translator makes great effort to thoroughly
comprehend a written message or text in the
source language and works very hard to
achieve an adequate or an almost identical
reproduction in the target language version of
the written source language message or text.
-- Our definition of
translation
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1.2 Definition of Translation
translation: science or art
 Translation
is both an art and a science as
well, since it calls for a good command
of at least two languages, a flexible
application of their rules, and some
knowledge of at least two cultures, as
well as a good grasp of the necessary
translation theories.
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1.3 Principles or criteria for Translation
 Principles
for translation and criteria for
translation are actually identical in
essence, the only difference between the
two terms lying in the fact that the
former is observed from the perspective
of the translator, while the latter is
examined from the angle of the
translation critic.
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1.3.2Yan Fu’s Triple Principle for Translation
 Strictly
speaking, a translation theory in
its true sense in China originated from
Yan Fu (严复). He proposed the famous
triple principle for translation:
faithfulness(信), expressiveness(达) and
elegance(雅).
 The original words of Yan Fu in this
respect.
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1.3.3 Liu Zhongde’s
Triple Principle for Translation
 In
1979 Professor Liu Zhongde put
forward another triple principle for
translation, namely “faithfulness(信),
expressiveness(达) and closeness(切)”,
 This principle is suitable for translation
of all types of texts with different styles.
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1.3.4 Alexander Fraser Tytler’s
Three Point Translation

1) The translation should give a complete
transcript of the ideas of the original work.
 2) The style and manner of writing should be
of the same character with that of the original.
 3) The translation should have all the ease of
the original composition.

From Essay on the Principles of Translation (1790)

Original word of Tytler
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1.3.5 Eugene A. Nida’s
Functional Equivalence
“dynamic equivalence” was put forward first.
Later on, it was modified into “functional
equivalence”.
 “Translation consists in reproducing in the
receptor language the closest natural
equivalence of the source language message,
first in terms of meaning and secondly in
terms of style.”

Eugene A. Nida and Taber
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Translation Exercise

The English original:
 "I will build a motor car for the great multitude. It will
be large enough for the family but small enough for
the individual to run and care for. It will be
constructed of the best materials, by the best men to
be hired, after the simplest designs that modern
engineering can devise. But it will be so low in price
that no man making a good salary will be unable to
own one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing of
hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces."
-- Ford
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Sentence by sentence
translation

I will build a motor car for the great multitude.
 我要造一种平民汽车。
 It will be large enough for the family but small
enough for the individual to run and care for.

这种汽车，举家出游不嫌小，个人驾驶不嫌
大，维护保养又方便。
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Sentence by sentence
translation

It will be constructed of the best materials, by
the best men to be hired, after the simplest
designs that modern engineering can devise.

它将使用最优良的材料，按照现代工程学
最简洁的设计，由最优秀的工人建成。
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Sentence by sentence
translation

But it will be so low in price that no man
making a good salary will be unable to own
one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing
of hours of pleasure in God's great open
spaces.
 但是这种汽车价格低廉，工薪阶层人人都
能买上一辆，都能和家人一起，在上帝那
辽阔的大地上纵情驰骋，尽享欢乐。
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Translation Exercise

The whole paragraph in Chinese:

我要造一种平民汽车。这种汽车，举家出
游不嫌小，个人驾驶不嫌大，维护保养又
方便。它将使用最优良的材料，按照现代
工程学最简洁的设计，由最优秀的工人建
成。但是这种汽车价格低廉，工薪阶层人
人都能买上一辆，都能和家人一起，在上
帝那辽阔的大地上纵情驰骋，尽享欢乐。
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 Homework:
 Passage
translation Ex. 1 The
“Little Story”
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