Transcript Slide 1

Action of IPEC Latin America
and the Caribbean
FIRST MEETING OF WORKING
GROUPS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN
CONFERENCE OF LABOUR
MINISTERS
April 4-6, 2006
Mexico City, Mexico
IV SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS
November 5, 2005
Concrete goal: eliminate the worst forms of child labour and reduce the
number of children that work in violation of national laws.
The Governments committed themselves to:
“To eradicate by 2020, at the latest, the worst forms of child labor and
reduce the number of children that work in violation of national laws.
We shall continue strengthening national policies that enable
achievement of these goals. In addition to providing quality basic
education, we undertake to build bridges between child labor
eradication programs and other support programs, such as income
support programs, extracurricular activities and training. To meet this
objective, countries shall set national goals and deadlines based on
the local situation.”
Child labour in Latin America and
the Caribbean
Global Report 2002
28 million boys and girls
between 5 and 17 years old
work in Latin America
17.4 million of these are
between 5 and 14 years old
19 million boys and girls are
in work that should be
abolished
3 of each 5 work in rural
zones
The IPEC strategy
Technical assistance for development of
National Policies formulated by national
structures themselves
Generate information about the
characteristics and magnitude of the problem of
child labour as well as providing analysis of
child labour monitoring systems
Raise awareness, increase knowledge and
social consciousness about the consequences of
child labour through key social actors
Develop Direct Action Programmes that
can serve as a model on the national level
Assistance and Technical Cooperation OIT-IPEC
Public policy area:
1.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the formulation of
eradication of child labour, especially in its worst forms.
2.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the
plans and national policies for the prevention and
development of regional and local child labour
policies (national policy decentralisation).
programmes for the eradication of forced child
labour in especially vulnerable populations: girls, indigenous populations, minors living with HIV/AIDS.
3. Assistance and Technical Cooperation to carry out
strengthening of the National Commissions of child
4. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the
labour and their respective Technical Secretariats.
evaluation of plans and national policies for the
5. Assistance and Technical Cooperation to carry out the
prevention and eradication of child labour, especially in its worst forms.
6. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the
development and improvement of instruments for
measuring child labour.
7. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of
regional policies
regarding child labour
mechanisms of follow-up of national and
Assistance and Technical Cooperation OIT-IPEC
Public policy area:
8.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the creation and/or strengthening of programmes of
transference of conditioned resources as part of an integral policy of prevention and eradication of child
labour.
9.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of indicators and strategies for the treatment
of the phenomenon of child labour within the plans to fight poverty.
10.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for development of professional training programmes for the
elimination of child labour, especially in its worst forms.
11. Support in the design of programmes of professional and vocational training for the integration in
the formal labour world of adolescent workers performing the worst forms of labour.
12.Creation of demonstrative pilot models and proposals of intervention and attention to child
labour, especially in its worst forms, with the goal of replicating them at the national level.
13.Technical assistance in the identification, formulation, follow-up and evaluation of programmes of
intervention aimed at the rescue of boys, girls and adolescents performing the worst forms of child labour.
14. Institutional strengthening through the development of protocols of action, interchange of experience
and training of organisations of workers, employers and public functionaries.
Asistencia y Cooperación Técnica OIT-IPEC
Communication and Social Mobilisation:
1. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of national union plans
for the prevention and eradication of child labour.
2. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of business social
responsibility policies for the prevention and eradication of child labour sponsored
by business organisations.
3. Promote opportunities for local and national participation for the eradication of child
labour
4. Assistance and Technical Cooperation in drawing up strategies and educational
alternatives for the prevention and eradication of child labour.
Asistencia y Cooperación Técnica OIT-IPEC
In the legal sphere:
1.
Assistance and Technical Cooperation to modify national laws in the framework of ILO Conventions
138 and 182.
2. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the effective application of national legislation related to
child labour by carrying out legal and diagnostic studies of jurisprudence.
3. Formation of justice operators (judges, prosecutors, justice agents) for the effective application of
legislation.
4. Strengthening of systems of labour inspection of the countries to bring them in line with the need to
identify and denounce as established by law cases in which individuals are employed at an age
younger than the age of admission to employment established in each country.
5. Technical Assistance in drawing up the lists of dangerous jobs.
6. Technical Assistance for the creation and development of units in Public Ministries specialised in
commercial sexual and economic exploitation.
7. Technical Assistance in drawing up and providing follow-up for the fulfilment of the commitments
assumed in the framework of ILO Conventions 138 and 182.
IPEC Projects in Latin America and
the Caribbean
Regional and sub-regional projects
•
Project to Eradicate Child Labour in Latin America
Sectors: Regional, sub-regional and national policies, strengthening of training and attention to girls, boys and
adolescents performing the worst forms of child labour
Participating countries: Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Dominican Republic, Costa
Rica, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru
Donor: Spanish cooperation - AECI
Period of implementation: 2006-2010 (Phase III)
Project of prevention y eradication of child labour in commercial agriculture
Sectors: Agriculture
Participating countries : Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras,
Dominican Republic, Costa Rica.
Donor: USDOL
Period of implementation: 2002-2006 (Phase II)
•
Sub-regional Project to Stop Exploitation: Contribution to the prevention and eradication of commerci
sexual exploitation of minors
Sectors: ESCI
Participating countries: Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico,
Panama, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica and Belize
Donor: USDOL
Period of Implementation: 2002-2006 (Phase I) 2006-2010 (Phase II)
IPEC Projects in Latin America and
the Caribbean (II)
•
Project for the Prevention and eradication of child labour in garbage collection
and markets
Sectors: garbage dumps and markets
Participating countries: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras
Donor: Italian Cooperation
Period of implementation: 2002-2006
•
Project Building Networks against the exploitation of boys, girls and adolescents
Sectors: TID and ESCI
Participating Countries: Colombia, Peru, Paraguay and Chile
Donor: USDOL
Period of implementation: 2004-2007
Prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua through the strengthening of the Labour
Ministries and organisations of workers and employers.
24 months (May 2006-Abril 2008)
Donor: Labour Ministry of Canada
Period of implementation:
IPEC Projects in Latin America and
the Caribbean (III)
Country and Limited Duration Programmes
•
Programme of Limited Duration for combating the worst forms of child labour in
Costa Rica
Sectors: Development of Policies and national capacities. Worst Forms of Child Labour
Participating countries: Costa Rica
Donor: Canada
Implementation Period: 2003-2006
• Prevention and elimination of worst forms of child labour in Haiti
Sectors: Boys, girls and adolescents employed in domestic work
Participating Countries: Haiti
Donor: Canada
Implementation Period: 2004-2006 (Phase II)
• Panama Country Programme: Combating the worst forms of child labour
Sectors: Development of policies and national capacities, agriculture, urban work, ESCI
Participating countries: Panama
Donor: USDOL
Implementation Period: 2002-2004 (Phase I) 2006-2009 (Phase II)
•
IPEC Projects in Latin America and
Caribbean (IV)
Country and Limited Duration Programmes
•
Programme of Limited Duration to combat the worst forms of child
labour in the Dominican Republic
Sectors: Development of policies and national capacities, Worst forms of child labour
Country: Dominican Republic
Donor: USDOL
Implementation: 2002-2006 Phase I Phase II 2007-2009
Programme of Limited Duration to combat the worst forms of child labour
in El Salvador
Sectors: Domestic work. sexual exploitation, urban child labour
Country: El Salvador
Donor: USDOL
Implementation period: 2002-2006 (Phase I) 2006-2009 (Phase II)
IPEC Projects in Latin America and
Caribbean (IV)
Country and Limited Duration Programmes
j
Programme of Limited Duration to combat the worst forms of child labour in
Ecuador
Sectors: child labour on banana plantations, flower farms, ESCI, strengthening of national
policy
Country: Ecuador
Donor: USDOL
Implementation period: 2003-2006 Phase I Extension Phase II 2007-2010
Programme of Limited Duration to combat the worst forms of child labour in Brazil
Sectors: domestic work, sexual exploitation, trafficking and cultivation of drugs, family
agricultural work and urban child labour
Country: Brazil
Donor: USDOL
IPEC Projects in Latin America (VI)
PROJECTS IN THE CARIBBEAN
Identification, elimination and prevention of the worst forms of child labour in the
English-speaking Caribbean
Area of influence: Belize, Surinam, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas, Jamaica and
Barbados
Direct action in Belize, Surinam, Trinidad and Guyana
Strengthening of national capacities through regional meetings (CARICOM) for all member
countries.
Implementation period: June 2006
Donor: CANADA
IPEC Projects In Latin America (VI)
THEMATIC PROJECTS
• Educational Initiative Programme
Sectors: Child labour and education
Country: El Salvador
Donor: USDOL
Implementation Period: 2002-2007
•
Project for the progressive eradication of child labour in the gravel industry in
Rehtalhuleu, Guatemala
Sectors: gravel
Country: Guatemala
Donor: USDOL
Implementation period: 2001-2006
Regional Commitments
Summit of the Americas (November 2005)
Concrete goal: eliminate worst forms of child labour and reduce the number of
children working in violation of national laws by 2020
Iberian-American Summit of Ministers and High-level Representatives for
Children and Adolescents (September 2005)
Adopt and promote National Plans of Prevention and Eradication of Child
Labour with goals and temporary concrete frameworks
Declaration of the Presidents of MERCOSUR on the
eradication of child labour (July, 2002)
#
Commitment summarised
Central Theme
1
a) Harmonisation of laws in relation to the Conventions 138 and 182 of the ILO.
Laws
2
b) Coordination of actions of all social actors.
Actors and participation
3
c) Participation of governmental organisations with the organisations of workers and employers.
Actors and participation
4
5
d) Education, health and integral protection of the rights of children as one of the essential objectives
of Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI).
Rights
e) Updating of information, through surveys, reviews, mapping that permit periodic diagnoses.
Information
6
f) Permanent raising of awareness and social conscience.
Actors and participation
7
g) Strengthening of the social networks and immediate response capacity to the requirements of the
ETI.
Management and
participation
8
h) Strengthening of monitoring systems and inspection of child labour.
Management and information
9
i) Linkage of ETI policies with educational system to guarantee school attendance.
Education
10
j) Policies, programmes and actions of ETI should have mechanisms of evaluation of impact and
results in order to optimise them.
Management and
information
11
k) Obtaining information on the upholding of the child labour laws to optimise the efficiency of the
policies of prevention and ETI.
Management and information
l) Adoption of homogenous statistical systems on child labour for comparative analysis and design and
implementation of joint policies.
System of information
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Plan for promotion of employment and decent work
in Central America and the Dominican Republic
Tegucigalpa, June 2005
1. Conduct an evaluation in each country on the level of similarity between
the national legislations and ILO Conventions 138 and 182, establishing
needs for harmonising the legislation.
2. Propose the corresponding recommendations, with specific guidelines for
harmonisation of the legislation and to advance in the regulation of specific
related topics, for example, with the definition of the categories of work
considered dangerous, etc.
3. In each country, negotiate a tripartite accord with bodies that foster dialogues
to actively accompany the execution of national plans of action for the eradication
of child labour
4. Draw up a proposal in the Council of Ministers of Labour in the sub-region, and implement the recommendations – that make it possible to advance in the
harmonisation and homogenisation of the definitions, criteria and instruments
to measure child labour in a way that will be consistent with the national and
international laws.
Instruments of Policy Follow-up for the eradication
of child labour
IPEC Info
Database of indicators of activities of girls and
boys for Latin America and the Caribbean
Versions available in English and Spanish
International Programme for the Eradication of Child Labour (IPEC)
International Labour Organisation (ILO)
CHILD LABOUR INFO
IPEC Info
CHILD LABOUR INFO
IPEC Info v2.0 includes data on 106 indicators. These
indicators are grouped by:
•
2 Sectors and their 3 respective classes
•
15 Topics (by default)
•
2 Conventions (3 articles of Convention 138 on
minimum age of admission to work (1973), and 2
articles of the convention on the prohibition of the
worst forms of child labour (1999)
Economic study of the costs and
benefits of eradicating child labour in
Iberian-America
Foto: A. Rosa
Build the future,
invest in
children

Demonstrate that even when solely
economic criteria are used, the
eradication of child labour and
school attendance by all boys and
girls is ‘beneficial’ not only for the
boys and girls and their homes but
also for the society as a whole.

This is achieved through the
implementation of a programme,
involving costs and benefits on the
basis of which the ‘net’ benefits
can be estimated (cost-benefit
methodology).
Foto: A. Rosa
Purpose of Study
Propuesta OIT/IPEC

Increase coverage and quality of education so that within 20 years ALL boys and girls
between 6-14 years of age attend school (independently of whether they work or not):
in 15 years the children between 6-11 years of age attend school (beginning in 2006
until 2020), and in 15 years the children between 12-14 years of age attend school
(beginning in 2011 until 2025).

In a period of 10 years (2006-2015) eradicate COMPLETELY the worst forms of child
labour through direct intervention that assures important improvements in health over
the long term.
Costs and Benefits of the proposal
 COSTS:
 Educational offering: Cost of increasing coverage and improving the
quality of public education.
 Costs for homes:
 Opportunity cost for families represented by the value of child
labour not received.
 Other costs for families: uniforms, school supplies, transport, etc.
 IPEC Proposal to reduce these costs for families: execute a
programme of transfers to all children of families in a situation of
extreme poverty, equal to 80% of the value of child labour
(opportunity cost),
 Cost of direct intervention: cost of achieving the urgent eradication of
the worst forms of child labour.
Costs and Benefits of the proposal
 BENEFITS:
 Education: by having a better
educated population that will
receive higher work income (it
is the only thing measured).
 Health :
due to the injuries
that boys and girls will no
longer suffer as a result of no
working and that have an effect
on their future income. Other
benefits, like the impact on the
cost of health services and
others, are not taken into
account.
Net economic benefit
(not considering transfers)
Iberoamerica (19 countries): net economic benefit or eradicating child labour in millions of
$ US PPA without discount and with 5% discount, by sub-region.
without discount
IBER
North
40,208
21,154
2,570
5,553
10,930
with 5% discount
Andean
South
IBER
North
Andean
South
Total Costs
Education offering
Admin. Prog. transfers
Interventions
Opportunity costs
105,727
56,502
5,852
14,904
28,468
36,255
23,536
1,338
3,532
7,848
29,265
11,812
1,944
5,819
9,690
61,005
29,753
3,340
11,481
16,431
23,149
11,104
1,473
4,264
6,308
20,282
12,270
762
2,719
4,531
17,574
6,379
1,105
4,498
5,591
Total Benefits
Education
Health
341,180 148,427 100,351
339,035 147,653 99,850
2,144
774
502
92,401
91,532
869
76,053
74,854
1,200
33,006
32,573
433
22,368
22,087
280
20,680
20,193
487
Net economic benefit
235,452 108,220
63,136
15,049
9,857
2,085
3,106
64,097
Action of IPEC in Latin
America
www.oit.or.cr/ipec