Transcript PSYCHOLOGY!!!!!!

PSYCHOLOGY!!!!!!
Bell Work:
Get books and folders
Task #2: Best of your knowledge
What is psychology? What work do you think
psychologists do? What do psychologists study?
Why is psychology important?
Psychology
• Study of behavior and mental processes
• Counselors, therapists, or researchers
• Study how people react to situations, why, and
experiment to see if you can change reactions
• Studying human behavior and how we think can
often help people see things differently; it can
also help w/how people approach their own
behavior as well as how they approach others’
behaviors.
▫ Example????
Notes: Good times!!
• Psychology
▫ Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
• Behavior
▫ Any observable or measurable action
• Goals of Psychology? Out loud Read pg. 4/5
• Goals (Break these down on the board)
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Observe
Describe
Explain
Predict
Control
Psychology is a science?
• Psychology as a science (2 times over)
▫ Social science (b/c it studies human
society/people)
▫ Natural: b/c it can concern processes of the brain
(biology) but mostly b/c it uses the scientific
method in attempting to answer questions!!
 Conduct experiments, collect/analyze data, draw
conclusions
Anchor Work
• Lovely Activity of the mind!!
▫ POP QUIZ over stuff just covered!
▫ Put away materials
Bell Work
• Grab textbook and journal folders
• Task #3 You have until 11:45
▫ Read/Answer thinking about Psychology on pg. 6
• Go over answers to Bell work with 12 o’clock
partner
• Post Bell Work; after we go over material!!
▫ Read assigned section of book and do “Give one
take one” reading activity
Research/Theories
• Research: Where psychologists test their ideas w/ 2 main
types
▫ Surveys: Magazine example
 Collecting date by asking questions to people in a particular group
▫ Experimentation: Ruler example
 Testing whether certain factors will influence a desired outcome
 Norwood example: he kicks good @ practice w/ no pressure; put noise
and his new girlfriend around and he misses
• Theories: This is how psychologists organize their ideas about
behavior.
▫ Theory: is a statement that attempts to explain why things are
the way they are and/or happen the way they do
 Norwood: Scott gets anxious when there are a lot of people
around and he begins to focus on them and not the task at hand
Bell Work
• With your 3 o’clock partner prepare a 2 level riddle for
two of the sub-categories you talked about yesterday
• Write your riddles on the board
▫ Answer the others riddles on the board from classmates
• Answers should be in your journal folder under Task
#4!!
▫ Example:
 This type/area of psychology deals a lot with businesses, testing
centers, and can also have private practices (10 points, harder
of two)
 Counseling
 This type/area of psychology deals in hospitals, and usually
helps people with serious psychological problems
 Clinical
Finish Notes and ruler example!!
• Theories: This is how psychologists organize
their ideas about behavior.
▫ Theory: is a statement that attempts to explain
why things are the way they are and/or happen
the way they do
 Norwood: Scott gets anxious when there are a lot of
people around and he begins to focus on them and
not the task at hand
History of Psychology
• Introspection
▫ Method introduced by Socrates in his statement “know
thyself”
▫ What do you think he meant by this?
 That you can learn a lot about oneself by carefully examining
our own thoughts and feelings
▫ Definition?
 Method of learning that involves looking within yourself
▫ TPS Activity
 Think about one positive action and one negative action you
have done in the past week……. Be honest but nothing that will
get you in trouble
 Use introspection and examine your motives/feelings when you
did those actions…. Then look at the outcomes again and how
they could’ve changed
 Pair/Share with a partner
Move into Modern Psychology
• Psychology moved
from philosophical
thought into modern
science
▫ 1st evidence of move: 1879
Wilhelm Wundt est. 1st
psychology laboratory
Bell Work
• Task #5: Answer these questions below
▫ TPS; Ready to share answers 5-7 min’s in!!
• Statement that attempts to explain why things are
the way they are
▫ Theory
• Where psychologists test their ideas? 2 types
▫ Research; experiments and surveys
• What is introspection?
▫ Process of learning by examining our own
thoughts/feelings
• Who/when established the 1st psych. Lab?
▫ Wilhelm Wundt, 1879
Major Early Players in Modern Psych
• Wilhelm Wundt: Structuralism
▫ Founder of 1st psych. Lab; and Struct. Field of
psych.
▫ Structuralism: concerned w/discovering basic
elements of conscious experience. Broken down
into 2 categories
 Objective Sensations: sight, taste, sound, touch
assumed to accurately reflect outside world
 Subjective Sensations: Included emotional
responses and mental images
Structuralism: Mind combines 2 categ.’s
to function
Example: Apple
Objectively you can experience
the apple by observing its shape,
color, texture, and taste
Subjectively you can experience
the apple by remembering how
good it feels to bit into it!!
Example: Lucy pulling fball from
charlie brown
Objectively:
Feel pain, blood in mouth
Subjectively:
Remember pain, blood in
mouth from last time!
Quick Tie-in activity
• Think of two things or actions that you could
apply the Structuralism approach to
• TPS w/table partner
• Share w/ class
William James: Functionalism
• William James
▫ One of founders of functionalist school of thought and
writer of one of 1st psych. Textbooks
• Functionalists: Concerned w/how mental processes
help organisms adapt to their environment.
▫ What are the purposes (functions) of behavior and
mental processes?
▫ What do certain behavior/mental processes accomplish
for this person?
▫ Proposed that adaptive behavior patterns are learned
and maintained b/c they are successful
 Successful adaptive actions are repeated and eventually
become habit….. Driving, opening a door, unlocking a
door, etc.
Lesson Anchor: Look at comic on pg.14
• Task #7: Calvin Comic on Page 14
• Analyze as to how a structuralist might view
the experience
▫ Calvin’s Subjective, or personal, feelings that the bike is
dangerous are overwhelming his objective sensations,
which should indicate that the bike can’t go anywhere
unless he, himself, makes it go.
• Analyze as to how a functionalist might view
the experience
▫ If Calvin’s father continues to force Calvin to get on the bike
before he is ready, Calvin may stop trying. Or, if Calving
experiences successes on the bike, he will propably repeat
his attempts, and gradually riding the bike will become easy
and like a habit.
Bell Work
• Grab texts and journals
• Create chart on 1st two schools talked about
Thurs.
▫ Basically fill in 1st two sections
• One volunteer to leave the room to introduce
behaviorism
Early schools of thought (Sect. 3)
• John B. Watson: Behaviorism
▫ Argued against thinking of the time
▫ Believed psychology should be limited to the study of
observable/measurable events (behaviors)
• B.F. Skinner: Behaviorism
▫ Added to the behaviorist idea by introducing
reinforcement
 When an animal is reinforced (rewarded) for an action, it
is more likely to repeat that action
 Believed humans learn in much the same way
▫ Examples: Circus animals, rats in a maze, your own
pets!
Early schools of thought (Sect. 3)
• Read the section on pgs. 16-17 answer fig. 1.2
• Gestalt School: Wolfgang Kohler
▫ Means “shape” or “form” in German
▫ Idea that perceptions are more than the sum of
their parts
 Learning, esp. problem solving, is done by insight
not mechanical repetition (behaviorism)
 Insight is the re-organization of perceptions that
enable an individual to solve a problem
Early schools of thought (Sect. 3)
• Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud (read section)
▫ Freud is most famous of early psychologists
▫ Psychoanalysis: emphasizes the importance of
unconscious motives and internal conflicts in
determining/predicting human behavior
 People are driven by impulses and that verbal slips
(Freudian slips) and dreams represent our unconscious
wishes
 Believed most of mind is unconscious (unaware) and
consists of our impulses, urges, and desires, esp. sexual
and aggressive
 People’s behavior is directed @ satisfying those impulses
Lesson Closing
• Task #8: Two Things
▫ 1. answer the thinking about psychology on pg.17
▫ 2. Think of all the times today in which you have
been reinforced in a positive way. Write down 5
and then evaluate each one as to whether it was
effective just then or a majority of the time!
Bell Work
• Grab books, folders, and have notes ready!!
• Fill in early perspective in chart!!
▫ Just put in Gestalt in Chart!!!!!!!!
6 contemporary Perspectives
• Theoretical Perspective (not a school of thought)
▫ General set of assumptions over the nature of
something. In psych. Each of the 6 persp.’s have a
different assumption about the nature of behavior
and mental process
• Biological Perspective
▫ Emph.’s influence of biology on our behavior.
Interested in influence of our brain/nervous
system on behavior
6 contemporary Perspectives
• Cognitive Perspective
▫ Emphasizes the role played by thoughts in
determining behavior.
▫ Investigate the ways in which people perceive
information and make mental images of the world,
solve problems, and dream
• Humanistic Perspective
▫ Stressed the human capacity for self-fulfillment
and the of consciousness, self-awareness, and
capacity to make choices
▫ Believe people to be free to choose own behavior
6 contemporary Perspectives
• Psychoanalytic Perspective
▫ Stresses the influence of unconscious forces on
human behavior (sex/aggression drives)
• Learning Perspective
▫ Emph.’s the effects of experience on behavior.
▫ Idea that personal experience/reinforcement
guide behaviors
• Socio-Cultural
▫ Factors like ethnicity, gender, culture and
economic status all impact human behavior and
mental processes
Task #8
• Billy Assignment
▫ With your 12 o’clock partners Read Billy Handout
and apply assigned approach to his case
 After 10 minutes everyone will present their findings
and each group needs to have a bit of info for each of
the 5 perspectives
Lesson Closing
• Watch Review Movie
Bell Work
• Get Books, folders
• Ch. 1 Quiz Friday along with movie
• Put the perspectives into your chart!!
Chapter Closing: Task #9
• Summarize Points 1 -4 on page 22
▫ Write down a couple things under each point that
gives you the best ability to understand it
Lesson Closing
• Task #10
▫ Complete all of Term/Concept review as well as
Critical thinking on page 23
▫ Go Over Tomorrow along with working on
projects!!
 This will be hard-copy time where you need to be
getting the basic information you will be presenting
out of the text and on paper ready to transfer into
ppt.