Women leadership in Hepatology

Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, M.D

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What is leadership?

Leadership has been described as the “process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task”

Leadership vs. management

Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things

. Peter F. Drucker

Management vs. Leadership

Manager

Based on facts Finds answers Maintains Solves problems Learns via training Tactical, short-term horizon Asks how and when Accepts the status quo Narrow and more limited Focuses on system and structure Requires employees

Leader

Based on ideas Raises questions Develops Creates challenges Learns through experience Strategic, long-term perspective Asks what and why Challenges the status quo Seeks alternatives Focuses on people Requires followers

Good managers and leaders

• A good manager gets his employees to focus inwardly on process quality and product delivery, good communications and both business and personal professional development • A good leader gets his followers to focus outwardly on vision realization, mission attainment and goal accomplishment

I am more afraid of an army of 100 sheep led by a lion than an army of 100 lions led by a sheep.

Talleyrand

Leadership theories

• Some personality traits may lead people naturally into leadership roles • A crisis or important event may cause a person to rise to the occasion, which brings out extraordinary leadership qualities in an ordinary person. • People can choose to become leaders. People can learn leadership skills.

Leadership styles

• Dictator Leader A leader who uses fear and threats to get the jobs done.

• Autocratic or Authoritarian Leader All decision-making powers are centralized in the leader. No suggestions or initiatives are taken from subordinates. An autocratic leader does not trust anybody.

• Laissez Faire or Free Rein Leader – A free rein leader does not lead, but leaves the group entirely to itself. Allows maximum freedom to the group. – Better than the authoritarian style but not as effective as the democratic style • Participative or Democratic Leader Favors decision-making by the group. Gives instruction after consulting the group. Wins the cooperation of the group and can motivate them effectively and positively

Leadership qualities

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Good communication skills

“There's nothing more demoralizing than a leader who can't clearly articulate why we're doing what we're doing” Kouzes and Posner

Integrity

– A leader openly admits mistakes and failures so they can be rectified. – A leader does not claim credit for accomplishments that he/she was not directly involved in – A leader does not manipulate data or information for personal gain or protection

Leadership qualities

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Creates and shares a vision

“Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality” Warren G. Bennis “A good leader is not the person who does things right, but the person who finds the right things to do” Anthony T. Dadovano •

Courage to stand against critics

"Some of the most talented people are terrible leaders because they have a crippling need to be loved by everyone." James Schorr “The art of leadership is saying no, not yes. It is very easy to say yes” Tony Blair

Leadership qualities

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Selecting a good team

“The leaders who work most effectively never say "I." They think "we"; they think "team." They understand their job to be to make the team function. They accept responsibility and don't sidestep it, but "we" gets the credit” Peter Drucker

Leadership qualities

• •

Actions speak louder than words

“If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader” John Quincy Adams “Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes. Peter Drucker

Ability to motivate people

“You must unite your constituents around a common cause and connect with them as human beings” Kouzes and Posner – Most important, leaders can conceive and articulate goals that lift people out of their petty preoccupations and unite them in pursuit of objectives worthy of their best efforts

What sustains a leader?

The one thing that sustains a leader and gives him/her courage is love. “Leaders are in love. In love with the people who do the work, with what their organizations produce and with their customers.” Kouzes and Posner “People learn to lead because they care about something” Charlotte Bunch

Women vs. Men as Leaders

• Men tend to place themselves in a hierarchy • Women are more interested in cooperation, harmony, and connections- a network of support • Men and women exhibit no difference in "internal competitiveness," the desire to meet personal goals and display excellence • But men score much higher in "external competitiveness”, the willingness to elbow others aside to get ahead • Fewer women are interested in power for power's sake

Helen Fisher. Dept of Anthropology. Rutgers

Women vs. Men as Leaders

"...leaders like Indira Gandhi and Margaret Thatcher illustrate that women can be as decisive and tough minded as men. However, most women in power will probably be less likely than men to resort to military action to settle disputes. They may be more inclined to agree with Winston Churchill. Once in a conciliatory mood he once said, "To jaw-jaw is always better than to war-war."

Helen Fisher. Dept of Anthropology. Rutgers

Women vs. Men as Leaders

A meta-analysis of 39 studies, based on standard questionnaires answered by both leaders and followers in a variety of organizations in the United States and abroad, indicates that women's approach to leadership may be more effective than men's

Harvard Mental Health Letter. 2004.

A Paradox in Public Attitudes Men or Women: Who’s the Better Leader?

• Interviews conducted by Pew Research Center (a Social and Demographic Trends Report) • Timeframe: June-July, 2008 • 2,250 interviews (1,060 men; 1,190 women) • Margin of sampling error is ± 2.3%

http://pewsocialtrends.org/pubs/708/gender-leadership

President Governing Board 2/64(3%) in 2012 0/50 0/4

AASLD

1998 2004 President Governing Board 1998

EASL

2004 1/32 0/3 1/38 0/4 2010 1/56 (2%) 4/11 (36%) 1/62 (2%)* 3/11 (27%) 2010 1/44 (2%) 1/7

“Whatever you are, be a good one.”

Abraham Lincoln