Transcript Review of Total Sanitation Campaign

CONSULTATION ON
SUSTAINABLE SANITATION
9th September 2009
Bangalore
TSC: EXPERIENCES & RECOMMENDATIONS
TSC …. KEY OBJECTIVES…
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Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life
Accelerate sanitation coverage …access to toilets to all by
2012.
Motivate communities and PRIs promoting sustainable
sanitation facilities through awareness creation and
health education.
….cover schools by March 2008 and Anganwadis by
March 2009, with sanitation facilities and promote
hygiene education and sanitary habits...
Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for
ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.
Develop community managed environmental sanitation
systems focusing on solid & liquid waste management.
DELHI DECLARATION VIS-À-VIS TSC
GUIDELINES
Delhi Declaration
TSC Guideline
 TSC guidelines do not
 Water and sanitation as
recognize this right
rights
 No mention in TSC
 Preserve dignity of
guidelines
sanitation workers
 Limited financial support for
 Focus on excluded
toilet construction for the
communities including
disabled, nothing on
people with special needs
technology
 Gender friendly
 No mention of menstrual
sanitation including
hygiene
menstrual hygiene
 Current monitoring based on
 Monitoring of outcome
expenditure and construction
and impact
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
 Impressive progress in
coverage- however
around 50% of the
target achieved
 Old BLS: The base
figure are from 200103 against which
progress and
achievement are
measured
Challenges
 How to sustain
momentum while
ensuring quality of
construction and
sustained use?
 Strike a balance
between community
processes and project
time frame.
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
Sanitation still a low
priority for
community – hence
low effective demand
 There is no
proportionate plan of
demand creation &
supply chain
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Challenges
Focus on effective
demand as a
precursor to
construction of
facilities
 What arrangements to
be made for
effective/efficient
supply of low cost
inputs?
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KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
 Structure/mechanism
for raising effective
demand
Challenges
 Innovative
partnership with
NGOs rather than
vertical contracts/
monitored by INGOs?
SHGs/ CBOs?
Frontline
functionaries team?
Role of PRI?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
 Limited human resource
support to emphasis on
change in behaviour
than construction
 J.E., RWSS/ DWSD
section in the block is
over loaded with rural
water supply
programme and its
maintenance. Sanitation
is a low/no priority
Challenges
 Provision of admin &
overhead support for
district & block
coordinators to expedite
the progress does not
exist in Budget
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues

Coercive
implementation
strategy in certain
cases leading to poor
or un-sustainable use
of facilities
Challenges
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Ensure sustained use
and maintenance: can
we look at legal
provisions like PRIs
exercising their right
to enforce penalty?
KEY ISSUES
/CHALLENGES
Issues

Programme largely
shaped by the subsidy
component:
impacts on effective
demand creation/
use/maintenance
Challenges
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Evolve innovative
and effective use of
subsidies; how to
ensure that equity
issues are not
compromised within
a subsidy regime?
How to promote
support as an
incentive mode than
subsidy?
KEY ISSUES
/CHALLENGES
Issues
 Menstrual hygiene
and specific needs of
women and girl child
yet to be adequately
focused in programme
strategy
Challenges
 To develop a sensitive
awareness and
education package at
the community and
school level.
 How to sensitize /
build capacities of
implementing
agencies for the same?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
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Issues
Inadequate technical
monitoring-implications
for sustainability of
structures/quality of
ground water source
/house hold awareness
about maintenance.
Community is not aware
about the pit maintenance
& pit emptying process
Single model of one/twin
leach pit is emphasized in
TSC program
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Challenges
Who should be responsible
for monitoring during
construction???
How to ensure area
specific designs in different
geological (Sub-surface)
condition :flood/ Sandy/
rocky/water logged areas
How & who will make
provision for the people
with special needs like
disabled, PLWHA?
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
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Lack of linkage with
health & hygiene/
acceptance of toilets
largely as a convenience
or privacy factor does
not lead to wholehousehold use or round the- year use.
Connection between
sanitation and health is
not emphasized
The burden is on the
woman to carry extra
water for the toilet who
then discourages the
household to build
toilets
Challenges
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The challenge is to
change sanitation
related behaviors of the
whole household;
the challenge is also to
develop and integrate a
usage- monitoring
system
Educating public on
relation between
sanitation & health
Linkage between water
availability & usage of
toilets
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
 TSC has become
target (construction)
driven and largely
focused on
latrinization. Solid &
Liquid Waste
Management is
completely neglected.
Challenges
 Efficient use &
monitoring of the 10%
of Project cost
allocated for SOLID
AND LIQUID WASTE
MANAGEMENT.
KEY ISSUES /CHALLENGES
Issues
 NGP is seen as an end
to achieve an award
and not as a process to
achieve Total
Sanitation
Challenges
 How to maintain
Gram Panchayat
status as Nirmal and
how to reduce the
percentage of
slippage?
EMERGING
RECOMMENDATIONS
Programme approach/management
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Strategize to implement ‘TOTAL SANITATION’ (not
only toilet construction)
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Focus on key outcome indicators to measure progress
(a) effective demand; (b) whole- household usage/wholeyear usage; (c) maintenance plan; (d) status of ground
water quality; (d) use and maintenance in schools
/anganwadis/ institutions (e) health benefits (f)
behaviour change
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Outcome monitoring could be done by complementing
on line TSC monitoring system with periodic field based
reviews and community monitoring systems, other than
the annual NGP verification carried out by Government
of India
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Include menstrual hygiene as a component of the
campaign
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Timely release of funds and effective monitoring of
utilization (not disbursement) of funds
EMERGING RECOMMENDATIONS
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Ensure adequate technical supervision/establish a
system of ground water quality monitoring / explore
community based surveillance systems( link with
NRDWQM&SP)
Alternative (community based & led) delivery and
maintenance mechanism
Providing water supply to NGPs and ensuring that
G.Ps where toilet construction is done and attained
the status of Nirmal Grampanchayat get the facility
of pipe water supply on priority
Department can integrate water and sanitation
program to achieve TSC objective in totality
Facilitate development of district specific strategies;
establish a system of concurrent documentation/
assessment of experiences/ sharing of lessons.
Prohibiting Open defecation, legally / making
provision for punishment for open defecation
EMERGING
RECOMMENDATIONS
Institutional arrangements/ capacity building
 Mechanism for convergence of departments at district /GP
level
 Build capacities of stakeholders (sarpanch / panchayat
secretary/front line functionaries/ etc.)
 There is a need for key resource centre for WASH at state
level with multi disciplinary team (Engineers, Sociologist,
Documentation & Publication Expert and M&E person).
The expected roles of key resource centre can be
Support in enhancing the capacities of all the stake holders.
 Provide technical support in implementation of TSC.
 Provide quality feedback on construction and improvement.
 Review TSC Implementation in all the districts. And help
the district administration in developing district sanitation
plan and strategy
 Regular review meet of SWSM & DWSM
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EMERGING
RECOMMENDATIONS
Partnerships
 Establish partnership with Support
Organizations for delivery of goods and services/
technical supervision/ effective demand creation/
management of NGOs / capacity building
EMERGING
RECOMMENDATIONS
Need for
 Rural Sanitation Policy
 States 5 year Programme Plan
THANK YOU