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Low Volume Privately Owned Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants Report Back From Norwegian Visit 2007 Chris Fennemore eThekwini Pollution & Environment Branch Participants Paid by Norwegian Funding via DEAT Frank Stevens – EWS Deputy Head Technical Support Bill Pfaff – EWS Strategic Planning eThekwini Lin Gravelet-Blondin – DWAF Renelle Pillay – DWAF Paul Gaydon – Wastewater Consultant/ WRC Di Dold – WESSA Me Ingunn Lindemann – SFT Haralde Gaarde – SFT To Visit Later Larry Laas Dale Braum Claudia Botha Freshwater resources in Norway Geography Vast areas, 330 000 km2 Many watercourses, 455 000 lakes - 5 % of area High level of precipitation/runoff, 1 380 mm/year Demography Few people: 4.5 mill. History Water ”issues” arose in phases: health, hydropower, pollution, nature conservation SFT Head Office Norwegian Environmental Authorities Ministry of the Environment Directorate for Cultural Heritage (RA) Directorate for Nature Management (DN) Norwegian Mapping Authority (SK) Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) Polar Research Institute (NP) Product Register (PR) * SFT: Tasks And Areas Of Responsibility Provide expert competence and information Environmental monitoring Enforce acts and regulations Review and evaluate industries Instruct and guide the County Governors International environmental and developmental cooperation Russland Minor projects AMAP/ACAP SFT International Minor projects Projects Romania? Climate Change Kazakhstan Petroleum Polen Compliance Monitoring etc. Kina Compliance Monitoring Uganda Petroleum South-Africa Package Plants, Compliance Monitoring, Waste, Hazardous Waste Vietnam Petroleum (2 projects) Mozambique Petroleum Madagaskar Petroleum MoU Norway – South-Africa Norwegian - South-African Environmental Programme 2005-2010 Project Coordinator: Barbro Thomsen Package Plants Project Manager: Ingunn Hoel Lindemann Compliance Monitring Project Manager: Bjørn Bjørnstad Waste Project Manager: Pål Spillum Hazardous Waste Project Manager: Hilde S. Skålevåg Legal Basis for SFT’s Authority The Pollution Control Act/ Water Resources Act 2001 The Product Control Act Regulations connected to the acts EU directives and regulations International Conventions and Agreements Waste Water Management Ministry of Environment EU Water Framework Directive Norwegian Pollution Control Authority National legislation Guidance Complaint decisions County Governors Municipalities Inspections and compliance checks Discharge consents and local planning/regulation MoE SFT County Governors (18) National Regional Administrative Municipalities (430) Political + Administrative Local Local Governments in Norway The regional level: 18 Counties The local level: 431 Municipalities from 250 to 500 000 inhabitants Responsible for important public services Treatment Requirements Large Cities Primary Treatment 50 % suspended solids removal 20 % biological oxygen demand removal Secondary Treatment 70 % biochemical oxygen demand removal 75 % chemical oxygen demand removal Less sensitive areas Normal areas Tertiary Treatment 70 % biochemical oxygen demand removal Sensitive areas 75 % chemical oxygen demand removal 90 % phosphorus removal (70 % nitrogen removal) Wastewater Treatment: Inhabitants Connected (2005) Share of the population connected to various types of treatment plants. By county. 2005. Per cent. Advanced treatments plants Mechanical or other types of treatment Wastew ater facilities w ith direct discharges Small w astew ater treatments plants (< 50 pe) The w hole country North Sea Counties Rest of the country Østfold Akershus og Oslo Hedmark Oppland Buskerud Vestfold Telemark Aust-Agder Vest-Agder Rogaland Hordaland Sogn og Fjordane Møre og Romsdal Sør-Trøndelag Nord-Trøndelag Nordland Troms Romsa Finnmark Finnmarkú 0% 20 % 40 % 60 % Per cent of population] 80 % 100 % Estimated 830 000 out of 4,5 million people connected to small WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plants < 50 PE, By County (2005) Østfold Akershus og Oslo Hedmark Oppland Buskerud Vestfold Telemark Aust-Agder Vest-Agder Rogaland Hordaland Sogn og Fjordane Møre og Romsdal Sør-Trøndelag Nord-Trøndelag Nordland Troms Romsa Finnmark Finnmarkú 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 40 000 Number of wastewater treatment plants 2005 Estimate = 320 000 Small WWTPs Small Wastewater Treatment Plants < 50 PE (2005) Mini WWTP chemical and/or biological) 2% Sealed tank (for black- and or greyw ater) 5% Other 1% Direct discharges 4% Sludge separator w ith sand infiltration 10 % Sludge separator w ith infiltration 32 % Sludge separator 46 % Professional Association Membership restricted to proven technologies Plants tested by an independent testing authority. Paid by manufacturer. Testing protocol available in Norsk only. Costly to translate but Dale Braum will be evaluating the applicability of this. Application Procedure Small Towns/ Residents Are standard requirements met? •Treatment levels •Treatment documentation •Discharge point YES Are local water quality objectives met? YES 6 Weeks Consent to discharge NO No consent to discharge Eutrophication COD 125mgO2/L in most areas Focus more on N & P limits Camelot 2003 Camelot 2006 Treatment requirements Small cities/residents Recipient Area Classification Sensitive and normal areas Less sensitive areas (%) removal Phosphorous (P) Biological Oxygen Demand (BOF5) User interests 90 90 Risk of eutrophication 90 90 No risk of eutrophication /user interests 60 - - - Suspended Solids (SS) 20 Treatment Efficiency Factors In Per Cent (%) Type of treatment P N Direct discharges 0 0 Sludge separator 5 5 Sludge separator with infiltration 75 20 Sludge separator with sand filter 15 15 Mini wwtp, biological 15 10 Mini wwtp, chemical or chemical-biological combined 90 15 Sealed tank 100 100 Sealed tank for blackwater 75 90 Constructed wetland 90 50 Biological toilet, filter for grey water 90 80 Other treatment 50 20 Discharge Phosphorous, WWTP < 50 PE (2005) Discharge phosporous (tonnes) T onnes 50 45 40 Kilogram per inhabitant 0,6 Discharge per inhabitant connected (kg Tot-P/inhab.) 0,5 35 30 25 20 15 0,4 10 5 0 0,1 0,3 In 2005: TOT-P: 331 tonnes TOT-N: 3 160 tonnes Finnmark Finnmarkú Troms Romsa Nordland Nord-Trøndelag 0,0 Sør-Trøndelag Møre og Romsdal Sogn og Fjordane Hordaland Rogaland Vest-Agder Aust-Agder Telemark Vestfold Buskerud Oppland Hedmark Akershus og Oslo Østfold 0,2 Discharge of Phosphorous Nitrogen (WWTP < 50 PE) Discharge statistics of small wwtp mainly based on factors: Discharge (tonnes/year) = inhabitants connected * discharge factor * treatment efficiency factor Discharge factors (contribution per person): TOT-P : 1,6 g / (p*d) TOT-N : 12,0 g / (p*d) STATISTICS NORWAY Kongsvinger: Visiting address: Oterveien 23 Postal address : N-2225 Kongsvinger Phone : +47 - 62 88 50 00 Fax : +47 - 62 88 50 30 1769 First Population Census Norwegian The Statistics Act of 1989 Main duties: Map the need for official statistics Collection of data, processing and dissemination of official statistics Analysis and research Coordinate official statistics produced by public bodies Responsibility for international statistical cooperation The Statistics Act - continued Rights and responsibilities Statistics Norway is a professional independent institution and decides autonomously what to publish and when and how this will be done Right to impose upon any person, business or government institution an obligation to provide information necessary for the production of official statistics Access to administrative registers Choose the statistical methods which form the basis for the preparation of official statistics Data on individuals are to be treated confidentially The use of coercive fines Quality Assurance CEN standardisation Package plants Septic tanks (Natural infiltration system) National best practice guidelines Norwegian official standards Standards approved by renowned professionals Maintenance All polluters/plant owners have to sign a contract on future maintenance Frequency of service Sludge collection Reporting to the municipality Supply of new parts for the plant Inspections & Compliance Checks Non-compliance common Non-compliance can be acted on by: Dialogue Financial support Withdrawal of consent to discharge Deadline for corrective measures. No measures will produce a penalty Reporting The Ministry of Environment/SFT rely on information produced by reporting activities when new policies are drawn up WWTP > 50 pe: All plant owners report directly to Statistics Norway WWTP < 50 pe: Municipality reports aggregated data to Statistics Norway The Ministry of Environment reports to the European Surveillance Authority (SADC, AU??) Dataflow, WWTP < 50 pe Data collection (KOSTRA): - small wwtp < 50 pe (form 21A) - reporting unit: municipality Discharge account (SFT/NIVA): - TEOTIL, input/output model on emissions to coastal waters (Tot-P and Tot-N) Statistical data editing and computing by Statistics Norway Distribution of statistical data to end users by Statistics Norway KOSTRA publication (municipality level): - key figures - basic data - quality indicators Annual report, wastewater situation in Norway (mainly county level): - number of wwtp - inhabitants connected - discharge of tot-P and tot-N "Forurensning" (SFT): - Transfer of data to the "Pollution" database KOSTRA Reporting in 2006 Reporting for wastewater treatment plants < 50 pe. Counties. 2006 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Form 21A Number of Percentage reported municipalNumber of forms (%) ities ---------------------- --------------------1.1.2006 Reported Missing Reported Missing -------------------------------- ---------------------- --------------------The whole country 431 401 30 93 7 County 01 Østfold 18 18 100 02 Akershus 22 22 100 03 Oslo 1 1 100 04 Hedmark 22 22 100 05 Oppland 26 24 2 92 8 06 Buskerud 21 20 1 95 5 07 Vestfold 14 14 100 08 Telemark 18 17 1 94 6 09 Aust-Agder 15 15 100 10 Vest-Agder 15 15 100 11 Rogaland 26 24 2 92 8 12 Hordaland 33 29 4 88 12 14 Sogn og Fjordane 26 22 4 85 15 15 Møre og Romsdal 37 36 1 97 3 16 Sør-Trøndelag 25 21 4 84 16 17 Nord-Trøndelag 24 22 2 92 8 18 Nordland 44 37 7 84 16 19 Troms 25 24 1 96 4 20 Finnmark 19 18 1 95 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Lessons Learnt Our regulatory systems are very good in RSA for package plants We should look at reclassifying our definition of package plants There is an opportunity to have a national database for environmental data. This could streamline PROATIA The possibility of establishing a package plant manufacturer’s association should be explored (WISA has expressed an interest in hosting this organisation) We should investigate the use of field test measurements more. Samples should be taken only when a plant exceeds the limits. There would be a considerable cost saving here. We should seek an national testing house for treatment technologies. The Norwegian document should be interrogated for its applicability to South African conditions Thank You Acknowledgements: I Lindemann - SFT H Gaarde - SFT Bioforsk Giva Mr. Jørn Kristian & Gisle Berge Statistics Norway F Stevens – EWS W Pfaff – EWS R Pillay – DWAF Paul Gaydon - Umgeni