Transcript Raising Your Hand

Vision zero – the Swedish
Traffic Safety Policy
Roger Johansson,
International Secretariat,
Swedish Road Administration
ROAD SAFETY SCOTLAND ANNUAL SEMINAR
HILTON COYLUMBRIDGE , 24th October 2007
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15 years ago Sweden started to look for a
new long-term traffic safety strategy
• Already one of the safest countries in the world (6
killed/100.000 inhabitants)
• Traditional strategy: fighting speeding, drunk driving,
promoting safe driving, seat-belts etc..
• More of the same – or?
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Gradual improvement or radical
solutions?
• Targeting a 3-5% improvement per year leads to “more
of the same” approaches
• Trying to solve a problem create “what if..?” solutions
that are more innovative and effective
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Gradual improvement or radical
solutions? (cont.)
• Sweden choose both strategies, because..
– It is important to have continuity in some areas
– Radical approach is riskier but more rewarding if successful
• Vision Zero combines both approaches
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Vision Zero: a Safe Traffic Concept
History
Goal
• On October 9, 1997 the
• The long term goal is
Road Traffic Safety Bill
that no-one shall be
founded on "Vision Zero"
killed or seriously injured
was passed by a large
within the Swedish road
majority in the Swedish
transport system.
Parliament. This represents
an entirely new way of
thinking with respect to
road traffic safety.
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Ethics
“It can never be ethically acceptable that people are
killed or seriously injured when moving within the road
transport system”
Why? Partly because being a road user is not a voluntary
activity
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New approach to responsibilities
• Historically main responsibility on the road user (blame
the victims approach)
• Vision Zero suggests a shared responsibility
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New approach to responsibilities (cont.)
•
•
•
The designers of the system are always ultimately responsible for
the design, operations and use of the road transport system and
are thereby responsible for the level of safety within the entire
system.
Road-users are responsible for following the rules for using the
road transport system set by the system designers.
If road-users fail to obey these rules due to a lack of knowledge,
acceptance or ability, or if injuries do occur, the system designers
are required to take the necessary further steps to counteract
people being killed and seriously injured
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Vision Zero safety results and future
targets
• 15 years ago 6 killed/100.000 inhabitants/year
• 2006: 4.7 killed/100.000 inhabitants/year
• Future plans and strategies leading to less than 1
killed/100.000 inhabitants/year
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number of children killed annually
Children killed in traffic in Sweden 1956-2005
140
120
100
80
60
7-14 år
0-6 år
40
20
0
year
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Swedish Policy for Traffic Safety for
Children
• The safety of children is not a question for the child – it is
a question for parents and society
– Education for parents, school staff, traffic engineers etc
– Measures focussed on safe environment (bicycle lanes etc),
bicycle helmets, child seats in cars, safe school busses (belts,
alcohol interlock)
• Result of this strategy is a fatality rate of
– Less than 1 killed/100.000 children/year (0-14)
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Safety philosophy
•
•
•
•
•
Inspiration from other areas ( i.e. occupational health
and safety)
People make errors, mistakes and misjudgements
There are biomechanical tolerance limits
The chain of events can be cut at many places
Focus on injuries not crashes
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Driving mechanism for change
•
•
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The individuals have a right to survive
The driving force is the demand from the
citizens
The system designers will have to cooperate
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Probab. of pedestrian fatality as a
function of impact speed
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Kinetic energy
• But – people are blind to kinetic energy!
• That’s why you can’t put all responsibility on the road
user
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Problem of Accidents
System User
System Designer
Problem of Injury
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The safety properties of cars and roads
are key factors for dealing with the
problem
• Alternative design can reduce fatality risk with up to 2 or
3 factors of ten
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Relative fatality risk/km/year
1
10
200
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Two lessons:
• Structure of traffic: mixed traffic e.g. vulnerable road
users mixed with cars lead to high fatalities
• Safety philosophy: traditional road- and street
philosophy does not work well
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Traditional safety philosophy
• A safe road is said to be wide and straight
• These design characteristics is said to give drivers room
for evasive manoeuvres and thereby avoiding accidents
• But - the traditional road design philosophy do not lead
to less fatalities/km/year!
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Traditional safety philosophy (cont.)
When crashes occur in these environments the level of
violence exceeds human tolerance
- thus - resulting in fatalities
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Vision Zero philosophy
• People make errors, mistakes and misjudgements
• Personal injuries is the problem - not accidents
• Human tolerance for biomechanical forces is the
starting-point for design
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Reduction in
Motorcycle
fatalities -83%
Typical view of Exclusive Motorcycle Lane
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2+1 roads
• First built in 1998
• Now 1500 km
• Up to 90% reduction in
fatalities
• Production cost 200-300
US$/m
• Popular among road users
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Safety as yet …..
a tremendous success
• overall fatality rate 0.0019 – down 80 %
• some 100 lives saved from 1998
• rate ”killed and severed injuried” – down 50 – 60%
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Fatality rate
0,014
0,012
0,01
0,008
D/Mapkm
0,006
0,004
0,002
0
2L
narr
70
2L
norm
90
2L
wide
90
2+1
90
2+1
110
4L
MW
110
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Accident types
Head-on
almost eliminated
Overtaking
reduction 40 – 70 %
Run-off
reduction 12 – 67 %
Rear end
some + 150 %
Access roads
reduction
Junctions
small changes
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THE TYLÖSAND DECLARATION
The Tylösand Declaration lays down
principal rights of citizen’s road traffic
safety. These rights serve to protect them
from the loss of life and health caused by
road traffic. They rest on the general
assumption that no road user wishes to
harm either himself or herself or any
other fellow human being, whatever the
circumstances under which they are
using the roads.
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THE TYLÖSAND DECLARATION
Articles
1. Everyone has the right to use roads and
streets without threats to life or health
2. Everyone has the right to safe and
sustainable mobility: safety and
sustainability in road transport should
complement each other
3. Everyone has the right to use the road
transport system without unintentionally
imposing any threats to life or health on
others
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THE TYLÖSAND DECLARATION
Articles
4. Everyone has the right to information about
safety problems and the level of safety of
any component, product, action or service
within the road transport system
5. Everyone has the right to expect systematic
and continuous improvement in safety: any
stakeholder within the road transport
system has the obligation to undertake
corrective actions following the detection of
any safety hazard that can be reduced or
removed.
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Road users have the right to know
about the safety of cars and roads
examples
NCAP for vehicles
(www.euroncap.com)
EuroRAP for infrastructure/
speed limit (http://217.174.251.13/)
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Relative risk of fatality and severe injury for 1 to 4
star rated roads (RPS) in Sweden
60
relative risk
50
40
30
Serie1
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
RPS rating
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Swedish application to ISO for a Road
Traffic Safety Management System
Standard (ISO; International Standardisation Organisation,
152 member countries)
• Compatible with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001
• Based on Vision Zero philosophy; focus on injury
prevention, includes roads, vehicles and regulations
• 4 year process
• Sweden investigates the possibility for a cooperation
with Road Safety Research Centre, MoC, Beijing
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Thank you for listening!
• [email protected]
• www.vv.se
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