Transcript Imagination and Subconscious: Fantasy/ Dada/ Surrealism

IMAGINATION AND SUBCONSCIOUS:
FANTASY/ DADA/ SURREALISM
FANTASY/ FANTASTIC ART
•
Fantasy art was can be traced back to
ancient times
• Each artist developing their own
different styles
• Telling stories of myth and legends
Marc Chagall. I and the Village.
(1913)
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It was not accepted in the art world
until the 20 th century; quite different
now than it was before the 1900s.
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Modern Fantasy art was created to
contrast that of the World Wars, made
to take the mind away from the
destruction.
•
The imagery created would be
considered “out of this world”
When Chagall moved to Paris,
from Russia, in 1910, his style of
painting started to reflect the latest
styles and in France. He started to
incorporate cubism into his work,
taken from his friend Delaunay.
Though Chagall often refused
literary interpretations, his
painting has multiple symbolic
imagery.
-The man with two faces
-The man with the parachute
-Eiffel Tower and the city
MARC CHAGALL. PARIS THROUGH MY WINDOW.
(1913) OIL ON CANVAS.
-The cat with a face
Can anyone guess some of the imagery and their meaning?
DADA/ DADA-ISM ART
• Created in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1916
during the first World War
• A group called the Dadaists (comprised of
multiple artists and writers) were fed up
with the war and publicly blamed
rationalism, nationalism, etc. for starting
the war.
• The Dadaists point for creating Dadaism
was to spark controversy through
nonsensical art; an example through quote
would be “Dada is anti-Dada”
• When Dadaism was starting to get
accepted in the art world, it started to self
Marcel Duchamp. Bicycle Wheel. (1951)
destruct.
The letters pronounced is a pun,
in French. Sounds almost like
“Elle a chaud au cul”
WHAT DOES
THIS MEAN?
Marcel Duchamp. L.H.O.O.Q. (1919)
YEAH, THE TOILET BOWL
-The Fountain by Marcel Duchamp is a
standard urinal that is laid on its back.
-The idea of the Fountain came from a
conversation with American collector
and artist Walter Arensburg and
Joseph Stella; respectively.
-Duchamp then bought a urinal and
attempted to submit the readymade to
an exhibition organized by the Society
of Independent Artists.
-Contrary to the rules, the
board of directors did not accept the
readymade and refused to exhibit it.
-Duchamp and Arensburg
then resigned from the group in
protest.
-Duchamp commented on the
signature, stating he signed it “R.
Mutt” after Mott Works, which was a
large sanitary equiment manufacturer
MARCEL DUCHAMP. FOUNTAIN. (1917) READY MADE
Since Mott would have been to close to
the company, he changed it to Mutt
after a comic strip came out that was
titled “Mutt and Jeff”
-The “R” stands for Richard, which
was slang for “moneybags”
-An article was posted about the
Fountain, thought to have been written
by Duchamp himself.
MARCEL DUCHAMP. FOUNTAIN. (1917) READY MADE
'Mr Mutt's fountain is not immoral,
that is absurd, no more than a
bathtub is immoral. It is a fixture
that you see every day in
plumbers' shop windows. Whether
Mr Mutt with his own hands made
the fountain has no importance.
He CHOSE it. He took an ordinary
article of life, placed it so that its
useful significance disappeared
under the new title and point of
view - created a new thought for
that object.' ('The Richard Mutt
Case', The Blind Man, New York,
no.2, May 1917, p.5.)
SURREALISM
- Surrealism was created in the 1920s by combining Dada and Cubism.
- Like Dadaism, the art movement was not accepted at first, but soon enough the
eccentric and unique techniques soon caught up with the times.
- It was created after the end of World War 1, in Europe, and mainly based in
Paris.
- André Brenton, a French poet, is known as the “Pope of Surrealism.” He wrote
the Surrealist Manifesto
- Describes how he wanted to combine the conscious and subconscious
- The word surrealism was first used by him to describe the art to be a “fusion of
elements of fantasy with elements of the modern world to form a kind of superior
reality.”
-
Like Dadaism, Surrealism focuses in on the idea of
nonconformity, but not as extreme as Dada.
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Most Surrealists based their art on memories, dreams and
feelings; creating visuals in a more psychological aspect.
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Surrealism utilizes an idea called the “Pure Psychic
Automatism”
- “Psychic automatism in its pure
state by which we propose to
express- verbally, in writing, or in
any other manner- the real process
of thought. The dictation of
thought, in the absence of any
control exercised by reason and
outside any aesthetic or moral
concerns”
Salvatore Dali. The Persistence of
Memory. (1931) Oil on Canvas
Salvatore Dali. Metamorphosis of Narcissus. (1937) Oil on Canvas
•
• Narcissus was a handsome young
man, a womanizer who broke a lot
of women’s hearts. As punishment,
the Gods made Narcissus look at
his reflection in the water. Seeing
his own reflection, he started to fall
in love with himself but got
frustrated that he could not hold
the reflection and died. The Gods
would then name him after a
flower; the narcissus flower or the
daffodil.
SALVATORE DALI.
METAMORPHOSIS OF NARCISSUS.
(1937) OIL ON CANVAS
Based on the Greek myth of Narcissus.
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Dali used this as the inspiration and has
created two different images of
Narcissus; a before and after.
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Dali described his technique as “hand
painted color photography” to created a
hallucinatory feel to the composition.
"I decided to paint the image of a locomotive. .
. . In order for its mystery to be evoked,
another immediately familiar image without
mystery— the image of a dining room
fireplace—was joined.“
- Rene Magritte
•
In 1936, a collector named Edward James invited
Magritte to his home in London to create painting for
his ballroom.
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His creation combined two unrelated things to create
mystery behind the painting; his use of realism
increases the mystery behind the painting.
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Magritte was unhappy about the English translation of
the French name, La Durée poignardé, which literally
means "ongoing time stabbed by a dagger.“
• He wished for Edward James to hang the
painting at the bottom of the staircase so the
train could “stab” guests as they made their way
into the ballroom.
RENE MAGRITTE. TIME TRANSFIXED.
(1938) OIL ON CANVAS
MERET OPPENHEIM.
OBJECT. (1936)
TEACUP, SAUCER
AND SPOON
COVERED WITH FUR
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The idea of Object was conceived through a conversation with Pablo Picasso and Dora Maar at a
café. The two other artists were admiring Oppenheim’s bracelet and stated that “Almost anything can
be covered in fur.” When Oppenheim’s tea started to get cold, she jokingly asked the waiter for “more
fur” and thus sparked an idea
•
From then, she the teacup, saucer and spoon that is part of Object.
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The fur used in the composition is Gazelle fur.
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Object was created in a time when Surrealists started to use sculpture as their medium
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Due to its acclaim, Object has become the definitive Surrealist art piece/ “object”
• Meret Oppenheim, though, was caused much dismay from this claim
QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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" Fantastic Art and Its Movements." Origins of Fantastic Art. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
<https://elearning.psu.edu/demos/art010/origins-fantastic-art>.
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"What Dada Was and Why It Matters."About. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
<http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/dada.htm>.
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"Guggenheim." Collection Online. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collectiononline/artwork/793>.
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"ARTSnFOOD." : Closely Looking at "Paris Par La Fenêtre" (Paris through the Window) by Marc Chagall Orange Shake.
Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://artsnfood.blogspot.ca/2014/01/closely-looking-at-paris-par-la-fenetre.html>.
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"Marcel Duchamp, 'Fountain' 1917, Replica 1964." Tate. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/duchampfountain-t07573/text-summary>.
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"The Origins of Surrealism." The Origins of Surrealism. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/surrealism/Origins-of-Surrealism.html>.
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"Salvador Dalí, 'Metamorphosis of Narcissus' 1937." Tate. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/dalimetamorphosis-of-narcissus-t02343/text-summary>.
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"About This Artwork." Time Transfixed. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/34181 >.
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"Meret Oppenheim, Object (Fur-covered Cup, Saucer, and Spoon), 1936." - Smarthistory. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
<http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/meret-oppenheim-object-fur-covered-cup-saucer-and-spoon-1936.html>.