• Dada Refers to an international movement that began in Switzerland during World War I . • Not an artistic style, but an idea of

NIHILISM

(“nothingness”).

• Dada It was started to protest the madness of WAR.

• • The term “dada” is a nonsense word.

Taste for

playful experimental.

and

• • • • • • Dada Reaction to destruction from war Despair and disgust.

Rejected morality and decency. lasted for 7 seven years.

New York version had sarcasm, wit, and humor.

Leading member was Marcel Duchamp.

Marcel Duchamp

• • • Marcel Duchamp 1887-1968.

2 older brothers were painters.

In 1904 he joined his older brother in Paris where he studied art (not a great student).

Duchamp

• A leading member of the

Cubist

,

Dada

, and

Surrealist

movements

Marcel Duchamp

He especially liked

wordplay and punning.

His influence will help develop

surreal

and

pop art

.

Duchamp

• He was influenced by the multitude of art styles going on at this time in Paris – Cezanne, Symbolism, Fauvism, Cubism ...

Duchamp

• • He thought that art can be

ideas

(not just worldly things).

“ Conceiving a work of art was more important than the finished work .”

Nude Descending a Staircase #2, 1912 • cubist inspired technique for depicting movement.

Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912 • • It is made up of abstract lines and plane- breaking up and reconstructing the subject.

creates a rhythmic sense of motion.

The Passage from Virgin to Bride • A highly abstracted figure. He is all about mocking traditional art

A

readymade

is when he takes an object and merely adds a title to it= a work of art

• a

readymade

piece that he declared a work of art created for an avant- garde art exhibit.

Fountain

Conceptual statement that all art is readymade because all artistic material is manufactured (paint, canvas…)

• • Duchamp entered the artwork under the false name R. Mutt. the organizers of the exhibit said it was “not art”.

Fountain

• …all about the shock value

LHOOQ, 1919 • • • A visual and verbal pun.

Mysterious title – Could mean “Look” or “she has a hot ass” Penciled a beard and mustache onto a postcard of the Mona Lisa.

LHOOQ, 1919 • Example of rebellion.

• Some call this disrespectful.

• Creation or Destruction?

• It became the icon of the Dada movement.

Rotary Demisphere • This machine made in 1919 creates an illusion of simultaneous rotation in opposite directions.

• • •

Large Glass

109 " x 69 “ Oil, varnish, lead foil, lead wire, and dust on two glass panels; 1920 Also called Stripped Bare by her Bachelors The Bride Depicts the dramatic meeting of a bride and her nine suitors

Duchamp’s Legacy • • Paved the way for a new kind of art.

The new art embraces the

imagination, intellect,

and

humor

.

• It strives to depict invisible worlds, not just visible ones.

• A forefather of modern art.

•

Man Ray

, 1890-1976 American painter, sculptor, photographer (spent most of his life in Paris). Successful in

portraiture

and

commercial work

.

His work was featured in popular magazines

Man Ray

• •

Picasso

and colleagues.

Dali

were among his A member of the Dada art movement – Word play – Play with images/objects – Readymades

Man Ray Indestructible Object (or Object to Be Destroyed), 1923 • ready-made • attached a photograph of an eye • transition state between looking and being looked at and actual motion is in this piece.

Man Ray Le Violon d’Ingres, 1924 • • •

combines Dada wordplay with Surrealist imagery

. The nude recalls Ingres, title refers to Ingres’s hobby of playing the violin. similarity between the nude’s back and the shape of a violin. shows the

dreamlike imagery of Surrealism

.

Man Ray Le Violon d’Ingres, 1924

Noire et Blanche Les Larmes (Tears)

ART constantly evolves.

Since the earliest times, there has been a

constant search for

new ORIGINAL forms

of expression.

A style of art that

shocked viewers of one

generation becomes a part of the mainstream as another shocking style makes its appearance.

• •

Surrealism

: a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible.

• •

Surrealism

Breton in 1924, primarily European movement. – Founded by

Andre

attracted many members of the chaotic Dada movement.

– Popular during the 1920 & 1930s

SURREALISM

was an art movement that found ideas in the

Subconscious

: Dreams, memories, feelings

SURREALISM

• Means to go beyond realism • To create without conscious control

•

Sigmund

Freud was becoming popular with his new ideas about dream analysis

• • •

Hieronymus BOSCH

1400s, about 450 years before the surrealists The “patron saint” of surrealism

Salvador Dalí

• Spanish painter • frequent conflicts with his art teachers.

He made “hand-

painted dream

photographs” He was a huge self promoter 35

Dali • his wife

Gala

his muse and inspiration.

was • Joins a group of Surrealists in 1930.

• He moved to the US in 1940 • he wrote many books including The

secret life of Salvador Dalí

.

He painted with meticulous realism and detail. Note the similarities to work from the Italian Renaissance 400 years earlier

Dali often uses religious images

Dali often uses religious images

The Persistence of Memory, 1931

Dali The Persistence of Memory, 1931 • The use of clocks describe how meaningless time is.

• The gold pocket watch on the left is actually being eaten away by ants. • Dalí often uses ants or insects to show deterioration in a work

Daddy Longlegs of the Evening-Hope, 1940

Daddy Longlegs of the Evening-Hope,

1940 In the tope of the painting a winged victory is born with only one wing. A limp plane appears to ooze from the cannon on the right while a horse, a mode of ground transportation soars out.

The Ecumenical Council, 1960 • a tribute to Pope John XXIII whom he admired for reforming the Church.

• Dalí paints himself, in a

Velasquez

-like pose, as a tribute to the Spanish Master. • He paints his wife

Gala

show as St. Helena to

her unwavering support of him

.

A Spanish artist who paints surrealistic, whimsical, childlike dreams Biomorphic Simplified images

Miro

Miro

Influences were Fauvism, Cubism, but mainly

Surrealism

• his works were often

reminiscent of childhood

• His works used

bright colors

and shapes

• •

Miro

Image of a circus Seems closed in- adds to the effect of the objects being products of one’s imagination

Harlequin’s Carnival

Influences were Fauvism and Cubism, but mainly Surrealism

Miro

Depicts a colorful dog alone in a simple setting at night The most surreal form is the unsupported ladder that appears to go nowhere… Dog Barking at the Moon, 1926

Rene Magritte

a Belgian

Surrealist.

well known for a witty and amusing images. His art career began in 1910.

Son of Man ,1964

Rene Magritte

“

The Betrayal of Images”,

1928

Rene Magritte

a Belgian

Surrealist

well known for a witty and amusing images. His art career began in 1910.

Rene Magritte

The False Mirror, 1928

Rene Magritte

He juxtaposed two familiar objects in order to create an unfamiliar effect. Time Transfixed, 1938

Rene Magritte

Rene Magritte

Alexander Calder “Sandy” Calder was one of the most famous American sculptors of the 20 th century .

Calder He was born into a family of artists. He started out working as an illustrator and an engineer.

Calder He spent several years early in his life in Paris creating miniature circus figures.

Calder He was a master at creating organic wire sculptures. They are like 3D contour drawings.

Calder His work is whimsical and fun

Calder He began working on

MOBILES

in 1931.

Calder A

MOBILE

KINETIC sculpture.

is a It suspends from above and slowly and gracefully moves on air currents.

Calder A

Staybile

KINETIC sculpture.

is a It is anchored to a base and slowly and gracefully moves on air currents.

Calder

• • • •

Grant Wood

He rejects Abstract expressionism Realist American art movement depict the rural aspect of American life prominent during the Great Depression, when it aimed to reassure images of the American Heartland

• Grant Wood His masterpiece- one of the most recognizable works of art from the 20 th century • The figures are actually his sister and dentist • • Gothic influence- strong verticals of pitchfork and pointed arch window attention to detail shows influence of Van Eyck

American Gothic

Grant Wood

American Gothic, 1930 Jan van Eyck, 1400s

Grant Wood • • depicts the scene in a 20 th century town in Iowa, instead of 18 Mass.

th Century Dramatic otherworldly

Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride

Grant Wood

• •

Edward Hopper

His style is a synthesis of Regionalism and Social Realism Known for ominous realistic portrayals of solitude in contemporary American life

Nighthawks,

1942

• •

Edward Hopper

His style is a synthesis of Regionalism and Social Realism Known for ominous realistic portrayals of solitude in contemporary American life

Degas Automat,

1927

Edward Hopper

• dim light create a sense of isolation and loneliness.

Gas,

1940

Edward Hopper