Transcript The Twentieth Century - Houston Community College System

From 1900 to the Present
Sayre – Chapter 21
Part I
Fauves
• Name “wild beasts” given by art critic at
their first group exhibition 1905
• Use of bright colors
• Unnaturalistic use of color
• Abstraction
• Leader = Henri Matisse
Matisse
(Fig 688/21-3)
German Expressionism
• expressionism – general term for art that
emphasizes inner feelings and emotions
over objective depiction
• German artists in the early 1900s were so
pronounced in this tendency, their artistic
movement was called “Expressionism”
• Die Brucke (The Bridge)
• Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)
The Bridge Group
Marc
(Fig 690/21-5)
The Blue Rider Group
Cubism
• By 1909 Braque and Picasso working
closely
• “… the mountain climbers”
• Heavily influenced by Post-Impressionist,
Cezanne
Picasso
(Figure15/1-17)
ProtoCubism
Braque
(Fig 686/21-1)
ProtoCubism
Analytic Cubism
Characteristics:
• Exploding of surface into flat planes
“shards”
• Different points of view
• Undifferentiated figure/ground
• Limited use of color (brown, grey,
black, white)
Braque
(Fig 687/21-2)
Analytic
Cubism
Futurism
• Inspired by Cubism
• Stressed modernity…mechanism,
machinery, speed
• Initial Manifesto of Futurism
“the world’s splendor has been enriched
by a new beauty; the beauty of speed…a
roaring motorcar…is more beautiful than
the Victory of Samothrace.”
Nike of Samothrace
(Fig 573/17-21)
Boccioni
(Fig 692/21-7)
Dada
• Group of artists deeply effected by WWI
gathered in neutral Zurich, Switzerland
(c. 1915)
• The origin of the name “Dada” is
debated…
1. random opening of French/German
dictionary (child’s rocking horse; a hobby)
2. Russian/Romanian for “yes”
3. first utterances of a child
Dada (continued)
• Dada art is characterized by imaginative
humor with serious intention
• Critical re-examination of traditions,
premises and rules that previously guided
art (and even society as a whole)
• After initial Dada group in Switzerland,
Dada spread to Germany and to the U.S.
Duchamp
(Fig 693/21-8)
Duchamp
(Fig 694/21-9)
Common Objects & the
Collective Impulse:
Donations from Linda Breaker
Wedge Space, Felix Morales Building
HCC Southeast
Surrealism
• Reaction against Dada…some artists and
writers thought Dada was becoming too
formulaic
• In 1924 poet/writer Andre Breton drafted the
“Manifesto of Surrealism”
• They explored psychology…specifically placed
great emphasis on dreams and the
subconscious (Sigmund Freud)
• Tools used to gain access to the subconscious:
free association and automatic writing
Surrealism (continued)
• Surrealism is divided into two categories:
1. naturalistic surrealism = presents in
meticulous detail recognizable scenes and
object taken out of their natural context
and recombined in dream-like ways
2. biomorphic surrealism = presents
abstract imagery and relies heavily on
experiments in chance
Dali
(Fig 696/21-11)
Miro
(Fig 697/21-12)
Kahlo, Surrealist?
(Fig 718/21-31)
Frida
A film by Julie Taymor
starring Salma Hayek
2002