Transcript How Does Human Population Change Affect Our Planet?

How Can We Balance The Human
Population With Our Natural
Resources?
Why is Demography Important?
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Demography: Study of the size, composition, and distribution of
human population.
What patterns do you see?
What is the Difference Between
Developing & Developed Nations?
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Developing Nations
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Lower Incomes (GNP)
Agricultural Economy
Higher population
growth
What countries fall
under this category?
Smaller ecological
footprint
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Developed
Higher Incomes
 Industrial Economy
 Lower population growth
 Better social support
system
 What countries fall
under this category?
 Larger ecological
footprint
Population Change in Size
Three factors affect human population
size: births, deaths, and migration
 Population Change =
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(births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)
Crude Birth Rate = # births per 1,000 people in a
population in a given year
Crude Death Rate = # deaths per1,000 people in a
population in a given year
How fast is the world’s population
growing?
% Population Change =
 (Births – Deaths)/1,000 X 100
 (Births – Deaths)/10
 The Rule of 70(DoublingTime)
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70 / percent growth rate
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Example: In 2004 the growth rate was 1.2%. If
this rate continues the population will double in
70/1.2 = 56 years
What is the growth rate if it takes 20 years for a
population to double?
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Let’s determine growth rate and
doubling time
What are Age Structure Diagrams?
The Number of people in young, middle
and older age groups determines how
fast populations grow or decline.
 The number of people under the age of
15 is the major factor determining a
country’s future growth.
 Changes in the distribution of a country’s
age groups have long- lasting economic
and social impacts.
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Looking Into A Crystal Ball!
Population changes in the US
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After WWII fertility rate
reached a peak(19461964) Baby Boomers!
In 2002: legal/Illegal
immigration accounted
for 40% of US growth
Currently close to 300
million
Projected to reach 420
million by 2050
571 million by 2100
Demographic Transition
What is Family Planning?
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Provides information
about prenatal care
 Helps parents space
births as desired
 Helps parents
regulate family size
 Works best when
reinforces customs
and trends
How Can We Slow Population
Growth?
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Provide family planning
Improve health care for infants, children and
women
Develop and implement national population
policies
Improve status of women
Provide more education (especially to girls)
Greatly reduce unsustainable patterns of
production and consumption
Sharply reduce poverty!
Population Dispersion
What is Urban Sprawl?
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Process of relocation
of residences,
shopping areas and
work places from
their traditional spots
in cities to outlying
areas (supported by
the “love affair” with
cars)
What are the effects of urban
sprawl?
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Environmental
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Depletion of resources (oil
consumption)
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Loss of Agricultural Land
Loss of Habitat and
Wildlife
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Health
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Greater risk of fatal
Accidents
Higher incidents of
obesity and high blood
pressure
Rise in diseases (asthma,
cancer)
Noise Pollution
What are the benefits of urban
sprawl?
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Cities are centers for education, jobs, culture
technological and economic development
More access to medical care and family planning
Concentrating people in urban areas helps preserve
wildlife
How do we make urban areas more
livable and sustainable?
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Prevent pollution and
reduce waste
Use energy efficiently
Protecting biodiversity
by preserving land
Promoting urban
gardens and farm
markets
Promoting “green”
design of buildings
The Cairo Conference
In September 1994, 15,000 leaders
representing 179 nations met in Cairo,
Egypt and for the first time in history
reached a consensus!
 All nations agreed that population is an
issue of crisis proportions that must be
confronted forthrightly
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Plan of Action
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Over the next 20 years:
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Empowering women
Education
Health
$17 billion needed each year until 2000 and
additional amounts increasing to $21.7 billion
by 2015
 2/3 of funding would come from developing
nations and the rest from developed nations
How is the plan going?
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Women and girls continue to face discrimination although many
countries such as India, Bangladesh and African countries are
encouraging education and have outlawed female genital
mutilation
HIV/AIDS epidemic has led to mortality in many countries
Funding is the biggest problem:
 Developing countries have provided 75% of promised
amounts
 Industrialized countries have provided less than half of their
1/3
 Most shameful is that US Bush administration and Congress
have acted to reduce their support
 Two billionaires Ted Turner and Bill Gates have stepped in to
fill the gap
Millenium Development Goals
End Poverty & Hunger
 Universal Education
 Promote Gender Equality
 Improve Child Health
 Improve Maternal Health
 Combat HIV/AIDS
 Environmental Sustainability
 Global Partnership for Development
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Status of MDG #1
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The global economic
crisis has slowed
progress, but the
world is still on track
to meet the poverty
reduction target
Prior to the crisis, the
depth of poverty had
diminished in almost
every region
MDG #2:
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Hope dims for universal education by 2015,
even as many poor countries make
tremendous strides
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Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia are
home to the vast majority of children out of
school
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Inequality thwarts progress towards universal
education
MDG #3:
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For girls in some regions, education remains elusive
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Poverty is a major barrier to education, especially among older
girls
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In every developing region except the CIS, men outnumber
women in paid employment
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Women are largely relegated to more vulnerable forms of
employment
Women are over-represented in informal employment, with its
lack of benefits and security
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Top-level jobs still go to men — to an overwhelming degree
Women are slowly rising to political power, but mainly when
boosted by quotas and other special measures
MDG #4:
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Child deaths are falling,
but not quickly enough
to reach the target
Revitalizing efforts
against pneumonia and
diarrhea, while
bolstering nutrition,
could save millions of
children
Recent success in
controlling measles may
be short-lived if funding
gaps are not bridged
MDG #5:
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Inequalities in care during pregnancy are striking
Only one in three rural women in developing regions
receive the recommended care during pregnancy
Progress has stalled in reducing the number of
teenage pregnancies, putting more young mothers at
risk
Poverty and lack of education perpetuate high
adolescent birth rates
Progress in expanding the use of contraceptives by
women has slowed
Use of contraception is lowest among the poorest
women and those with no education
Inadequate funding for family planning is a major
failure in fulfilling commitments to improving women’s
reproductive health
MDG #6: HIV/AIDS
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The spread of HIV appears to have stabilized in most
regions, and more people are surviving longer
Many young people still lack the knowledge to protect
themselves against HIV
Empowering women through AIDS education is indeed
possible, as a number of countries have shown
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In sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of HIV increases
with wealth and among those living in urban areas
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Disparities are found in condom use by women and
men and among those from the richest and poorest
households
Malaria
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Production of insecticide-treated mosquito
nets soars
Across Africa, expanded use of insecticidetreated bed nets is protecting communities
from malaria
Poverty continues to limit use of mosquito nets
Global procurement of more effective
antimalarial drugs continues to rise rapidly
Children from the poorest households are
least likely to receive treatment for malaria
MDG #7:
The rate of deforestation shows signs of
decreasing, but is still alarmingly high
 A decisive response to climate change is
urgently needed
 The unparalleled success of the
Montreal Protocol shows that action on
climate change is within our grasp
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Biodiversity
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The world has missed the 2010 target for
biodiversity conservation, with potentially
grave consequences
 Key habitats for threatened species are not
being adequately protected
 The number of species facing extinction is
growing by the day, especially in developing
countries
 Overexploitation of global fisheries has
stabilized, but steep challenges remain to
ensure their sustainability
Water Supply
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The world is on track to meet the drinking water target,
though much remains to be done in some regions
Accelerated and targeted efforts are needed to bring
drinking water to all rural households
Safe water supply remains a challenge in many parts
of the world
With half the population of developing regions without
sanitation, the 2015 target appears to be out of reach
Disparities in urban and rural sanitation coverage
remain daunting
Improvements in sanitation are bypassing the poor
MDG #8:
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Developing countries gain greater access to the
markets of developed countries
Least developed countries benefit most from tariff
reductions, especially on their agricultural products
Aid continues to rise despite the financial crisis, but
Africa is short-changed
Demand grows for information and communications
technology
Access to the World Wide Web is still closed to the
majority of the world’s people
Debt burdens ease for developing countries and
remain well below historical levels