Transcript Review of The Literature

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
任維廉
William
出處
2
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Creswell, J. W., Research design: Qualitative
and quantitative approaches, 3rd ed., 2009, Sage
Publications.
Outline
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1. The research topic
2. The literature review
2.1 The use of the literature
2.2 Design Techniques
2.3 The definition of terms
2.4 A quantitative or mixed methods literature review
3. Summary
1. The Research Topic
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The topic is the subject or subject matter of proposed
study.
Draft a brief title to the study
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Try to complete this sentence: ”My study is about…”
Creating title
 Be brief and avoid wasting words (a study of)
 Make sure it includes the topic of the study
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Pose the topic as a brief question
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Working title, revision: Researcher, adviser, committee
member. Plain Chinese, plain English. Double title.
1. The Research Topic
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Whether the topic can and should be researched?
Can
If researcher have participants willing to serve in the study.
 If investigators have resources to collect data and can
analyze the information.
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Should be
Whether anyone outside the researcher’s own immediate
institution or area would be interested in the topic.
 Researcher’s personal goal
 Contribution: add anything new to the body of research.
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2. The Literature Review
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It shares with the reader the results of other studies.
It provides a framework for establishing the
importance of the study as well as a benchmark for
comparing the results with other findings.
Should be brief and summarize the major literature
on the research problem.
2.1 The Use of The Literature
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Qualitative research
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Quantitative research
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The literature is a manner consistent with the assumption of learning
from the participant.
Need to be answered from the researcher’s standpoint.
Provides direction for questions or hypotheses.
Introduce a problem or to describe the existing literature.
Compare finding.
Mixed methods study
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Sequential
Concurrent
*End (Inductive) vs. Beginning (deductive).
2.2 Design TechniquesSteps in conducting a literature review
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1.
2.
3.
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6.
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Identify key words. (thesaurus, control words)
Search the databases.
Try to find about 50 reports of research or books related
to your topic.
Skim and duplicate those that central your topic.
Identify useful literature. (literature map)
Draft summaries of the most relevant articles.
Assemble the literature review
*PQRST
2.2 Design TechniquesSearch computerized databases
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ERIC, DAI, NTIS
Google scholar, wiki
Commercial database
ProQuest
 Sociological abstracts
 Social sciences citation index (SSCI)
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*交大學術集成 (SCHOLAR@NCTU)
2.2 Design TechniquesA priority for selecting literature material
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Journal article
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Dissertation
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Easiest to locate and duplicate
Quality
Difficult to read
Web
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Easy to access
Quality
Online journals
*Books
2.2 Design TechniquesA literature map of the research
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Organize the literature
Build a visual picture of existing research
Way to organize the literature map
Type
Content
Hierarchical
Top-down
Flowchart
Left to right
Series of circles
Circle represents literature
The intersection of the circles
2.2 Design TechniquesA literature map of the research: topic, integrate, extend.
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2.2 Design TechniquesAbstracting studies
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Mention the problem being addressed.
State the central purpose or focus of the study.
Briefly state information.
Review key results that relate to the proposed study.
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*IMRD
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2.2 Design TechniquesStyle manuals
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Provide guidelines for creating a scholarly style of a
manuscript.
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In-text references
End-of-text references
Headings
Footnotes
Tables and figures
*format consistent.
2.3 The Definition of Terms
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If there is any likelihood that readers don’t know the
meaning.
When it first appears in the proposal.
Do not define the terms in everyday language.
Qualitative studies
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Quantitative studies
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Do not include the separate section
In the separate section
Mixed methods studies
*”胃氣”,organ vs. subsystem.
2.4 A Quantitative or Mixed Methods
Literature Review
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The literature be composed of 5 components
Introduction
 independent variable
 dependent variable
 relates the independent variable to the depend variable
 Summary
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*fill gap: more mediate / moderate variables.
3. Summary
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1. Identify your topic
2. Qualitative research
Literature helps substantiate the problem.
 At the end of study.
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3. Quantitative research
Not only helps substantiate the problem, but also suggests
possible questions that needs to be addressed.
 Separate section
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4. Mixed methods research
5. Steps in conducting a literature review
6. Define the key terms
Thanks for listening
Q&A