Transcript Presentation of - Czech Technical University in Prague

Production of Bioethanol
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
Structure:
1. What is Bioethanol?
2. Production Steps for Bioethanol made of
Cereals
3. Production and Use of Bioethanol in
different Countries
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
1. What is Bioethanol?
Bioethanol is ethanol (alcohol) that is derived exclusively from the
fermentation of plant starches.
Bioethanol is the most widely used bio fuel today.
Molecular structure of ethanol:
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
1. What is Bioethanol?
• Bioethanol is manufactured from biomass.
• Plants containing sugar and starch are fermented, and
the alcohol produced is distilled
• What plants are actually used is generally dependent on
their local availability and their price.
• Examples for Ethanol sources / raw materials:
Wheat
27.05.2008
Maize/Corn Sugar Beet Sugar Cane
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
2. Production Steps (main
process):
• Milling the cereal: meaning
mechanical crushing of the cereal
grain to release the starch component
• Saccharification: heating and addition
of water and enzymes for conversion
into fermentable sugar
• Fermentation: fermentation of the
mash using yeast
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
2. Principle of fermentation:
•
•
•
Summarizing chemical equation for ethanol
fermentation:
C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
One glucose molecule is converted into two ethanol
molecules and two carbondioxide molecules.
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
2. Production Steps (main
process):
• Distillation and Rectification: That means
concentration and cleaning the ethanol
produced by the distillation by removing byproducts.
• Definition of Distillation: It is a thermal
separation method that can be used to
fractionate liquid mixtures. It utilises the
different volatility of the components of the
mixture to be separated.
• Dehydration: drying (removing residual
water) off the ethanol
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
2. Principle of Rectification:
• In practice, this multi-stage distillation
process is carried out in the form of
countercurrent distillation (rectification) in a
column.
• The liquid mixture to be separated (feed) is
fed to the base of the column, where it is
brought to boiling point.
• The vapour produced moves upwards
inside the column, exits it at the top and is
condensed.
• Part of the condensate is carried away as
top product. The remainder flows back into
the column and moves downwards as
liquid opposite phase.
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
2. Possible secondary process:
Animal Feed as a Co-Product
• Evaporation: The goal of evaporation is to vaporize most of the
water from a solution containing a desired product
• Mash coming out of Destillation goes into evaporators where most
of the water is separated from the solid parts in the mash, the
stillage.
• If the stillage is dried and pelleted, the resulting storable animal feed
is known as DDGS(Distillers' Dried Grains with Solubles)
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
2. Overall Production Process:
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
3. Production and Use of Bioethanol in different Countries
• Worldwide increasing
production of ethanol in
recent years
• Due to increasing fuel
demand and increasing
prices of fossil fuels, the
business of bioethanol
production is prognosticated
to be a growth market
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
3. Distribution of world ethanol
production:
Raw materials:
• Europe: Sugar beet,
Wheat, Barley,
Triticale, Maize, Rye,
Potatoes
• Brazil: producers use
Sugar Cane
• USA: mostly Maize
( A.E.: Corn)
27.05.2008
The extraction of bioethanol
from lignocellular raw
materials such as straw or
wood is in the development
phase.
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
3. E85 and Flexible Fuel Vehicles
• Ethanol can be blended with gasoline to create E85, a
blend of 85% and 15% gasoline. Due to the corrosive
affects of E85, because of its high alcohol content,
traditional vehicles cannot use it.
• Flex fuel vehicles (FFVs) have engines modified to
accept higher concentrations of ethanol. Such flexiblefuel engines are designed to run on any mixture of
gasoline or ethanol with up to 85% ethanol by volume.
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz
Thank you!
Zeitz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Europe’s largest bioethanol plant since 2005
27.05.2008
Presentation by Florian Schmalz