1775-1815

The Thirteen Colonies of the United States • Were British colonies in North America.

• Divided into 3 groups • New England- New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut • Middle Colonies- New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware • Southern Colonies-Maryland, Virginia, North and South California, Georgia

1774 Sugar Act • English try to make people buy English products (Sugar, molasses) • French products had taxes put on them to make more expensive • Caused difficulty to markets (reduced where they could sell products) • Reduced amount of money they could spend on other goods

1765 Stamp Act • Legal documents, newspapers, deeds, mortgage • Purpose was to support the army • Merchants boycotted the British goods because of the law • Tax collectors were terrorized • In 1766 the stamp act was withdrawn

1767 Townshend Act • Taxes were placed on glass, silk , paper, paint and lead .

• The sale of British goods felled by almost 2/3 • In 1770 the taxes were dropped on everything but tea

1773 Tea Act • The east Indian company was given the right to sell tea • Ships of the Indians were refused admittance • At the Boston tea party 3 shiploads of tea was destroyed • Boston was closed to all shipping until the tea was paid.

1774 The Intolerable Acts • Boston closed to all shipping until all the destroyed tea was paid for. • Public meetings forbidden, 4000 British troops stationed • Quebec act gave control of the Ohio territory, the largest piece of land in North America

Taxation Without Representation • Between 1763-1775 the Thirteen Colonies were taxed by the British government after the war • There was no representatives in the thirteen colonies to speak on their behalf, and they could not elect any • The people of the thirteen colonies were very angry at this decision made by the British • The funds from the taxes were used to support the armies and fortresses for the British • This was a pointless waste of money, because they war had already ended

Why are the following events/concept important to Canada’s upcoming Nationhood?

American Revolution and the Refugees • in 1775 protests became armed fights • Thirteen companies invaded Quebec on New Year’s Eve • General Ben Franklin and Montgomery • People of Nova Scotia did not join the revolution

The Constitutional Act of 1791 • Gave the people of Upper and Lower Canada Their own Legislative Assemblies and representative government • Aim was to recognize the bicultural nature of Quebec by dividing it into 2 colonies:Upper and Lower Canada • Each got its own laws and systems of government • Upper Canada to have its own English civil law and criminal law

Loyalists (Tories) • They were loyal to Britain • Businesses were destroyed and homes taken away by Patriots. Even after treaty of Paris this still continued • The arrival of the loyalists created 2 new colonies. Brunswick formed from part of nova Scotia and Quebec was split into upper and lower Canada • Most Iroquois were loyalists • British government protected loyalists

British Colony of New Brunswick • Nova Scotia split into two colonies of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick • Loyalists had all lot of reasons for two colonies • made Representative government • First Legislature met in 1788

Migration Northward • Loyalists or Tories left from the Thirteen colonies • Traveled to Canada, Britain, and the West Indies • They left because of the disagreements with the patriots that the British should be overthrown • This caused new settlements all over Canada

The War Of 1812 • June 18, 1812 United States Declare war on Britain • War started as part of ongoing conflict between Britain and America • Britain Seized American Ships • Americans try to take over Canada • Canada fight of Americans • War of 1812 made Canadians Feel more individual • Canada become more close to Britain

Captain James Cook • James Cook was a English explorer, navigator and cartographer. • Made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean achieving the first European contact with the eastern coastline.

• Was the first to map Newfoundland • Joined the royal navy in 1775

Captain George Vancouver • Was an officer for the Royal Navy • Was best known for his exploration of North America including the pacific along British Colombia

Simon Fraser • Was a fur trader and explorer who explored most of what is now British Colombia • Was employed by the North West Company • He had been put in charge of all the trading posts west of the Rocky Mountains

David Thompson • Was born in London, England, on April 30 1770 • In 1786 he journeyed inland along the North Saskatchewan River to Manchester House