Transcript To Become a Nation: Key Events in Canada’s History

To Become a Nation:
The American Revolution
and Canada
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“How did an independent U.S.
pave the way to Canadian
nationhood?”
“How did representative
government come about?”
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8-26: Group One
The Thirteen Colonies
• British colonies founded
between 1608 and 1732
• Proclaimed independence from
Britain on July 4, 1776, A.K.A.
Independence Day
• Three groupings:
• New England:
Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Maine,
Connecticut, Rhode Island
• Middle Colonies: New York,
Pennsylvania, Delaware,
New Jersey
• Southern Colonies:
Maryland, Virginia, North
and South Carolina, Georgia
The Acts and Taxation
• The Sugar (1764), Stamp (1765), Townshend (1767),
and Tea Acts (1773) were periods of time that the
British:
-Demanded stamps on legal documents and
newspapers
-Imposed taxes on sugar, molasses, glass, tea,
silk, paper, paint, and lead
-Gave the sole right to sell tea to the East Indian
Company, led Boston to close all shipping until the
destroyed tea was paid for
• These acts caused anger because the colonists had
to pay more money to Great Britain because of war
and army expenses
The Acts and Taxation
Sugar Act protest
Tax and
Stamp Act
documents
The Acts and Taxation
• The Intolerable Acts (1774) included the Quebec Act
because is gave Quebec control of the largest piece
of land in British N.A.
• The colonists boycotted British goods and began to
form an army
• The elected representatives did not stand up for the
colonists’ rights, and they were taxed without their
opinions heard
• They felt like the government was attempting to stunt
the colonists’ expansion
• Protests led to American Revolution
The American Revolution
• Revolting of the Thirteen Colonies caused by the
taxing the colonists without their rights in mind
• The people of Quebec and Nova Scotia stayed loyal
to Britain, rather than fight for independence
• Also called the War of Independence
Uniforms in the
• Nova Scotia citizens did not join
War of
the rebellion with Americans;
Independence
they were called Neutral Yankees
and did not oppose Britain
• The “failure” of the
revolution kept Canada
under British rule
Refugee Migration: The
Loyalists
• For a decade after 1776, refugees (the
Loyalists/Tories) come to Quebec and Nova Scotia to
avoid prosecution from rebellious Americans in
American Revolution
• Many kinds of Loyalists (people who stayed loyal to
Britain)
• Came from the Thirteen Colonies to British North
America (Quebec and Nova Scotia) to avoid danger
from Patriots (people who rebelled)
• Here, they stayed mainly in: Halifax, Shelburne, and
the St. John River Valley
• New Brunswick, the new colony, was created in 1784
• Colonized by immigrants of St. John River Valley who
needed resources, land, and ports
Refugee Migration: The
Loyalists(Left) Drawing
depicting the
Loyalists and their
devotion to Britain
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(Right) Loyalists
beginning to migrate
Refugee Migration: The
Loyalists
• Those from St. John River Valley wanted a new
colony, New Brunswick, because :
-They felt treated unfairly
-They lived with those who had not suffered and
chose sides
-The area of the St. John River was filled with
possibilities
• The government agreed;
-If Nova Scotia split, there would be a governor in
each of the colonies; the governor of Halifax didn't
need to govern a far-away place
-It meant new government positions for Loyalists
-A Loyalist colony by the American border could
stop ideas of rebellion in remaining North
American colonies
The Constitutional Act
• Took place in
1791and meant to
show bicultural
nature of Quebec
and make British
and French
satisfied
• Divided Quebec
into Upper Canada
and Lower Canada
colonies, giving
them
representative
government
The War of 1812
CAUSES
• European posts blockaded as a result of the Seven Years
War; Neutral Americans upset because they couldn’t deliver
cargo
• The British wouldn’t treat Americans equal and didn’t see
them as a full sovereign nation
• If Americans gained control over British North America, they
would gain them as allies to the Native people who resisted
the American movements westward
• Called the “war that nobody won”
A scene of
the War of
1812
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Key Events of the War of 1812
• June 1812-United States
declares war on Britain
• July-U.S. army enters Upper
Canada
• July-British capture fort
Michilimackinac
• October-Battle of Queenston
Heights. Americans lose
Heights
• April 1813-Americans
capture York, capital of
Upper Canada
• September-British naval
power on Lake Erie
destroyed
• October- Battle of Thames
River results in American
win. Indian British ally
Tecumseh killed
• October-4000 American
troops retreat from 1000
British and Canadians
• December-Americans burn
town of Newark
• July 1814- Battle of Lundy’s
Lane. No victory, but
Americans retreated
• Summer-British occupy
Washington for one day.
President’s mansion
scorched and repainted
white (the White House)
• December- Treaty of Ghent;
American’s territory returned
• January 1815-Battle of New
Orleans. Andrew Jackson
unaware of Treaty signing
The War of 1812
•
•
•
•
•
•
LONG TERM EFFECTS
(Left) Treaty of
American immigrants
discouraged from coming to
Ghent
B.N.A.
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The war stabilized the 49th
(Below) Then
parallel, A.K.A. the CanadaU.S. border
flag of U.S. 13
Rush-Bagot Agreement
stars for 13
demilitarized the Great Lakes
states
America respected as
separate nation by Britain,
not just colonies
Some unity in Canada;
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French and British fight
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Maritime colonies prosper
Explorers of Western Canada
James Cook
• October 27, 1728February 14, 1779
• Made three voyages in
the name of Britain
• Explored the coast of
New Zealand, Australia,
Tahiti and Hawaii.
George Vancouver
• June 22, 1757-May 12,
1798
• Explored and mapped
the Pacific coast that
touches Canada and
Alaska
• Spanish abandoned
piece of land which
gave control of fur trade
•These men discovered Western portions of Canada while looking
for furs and a Northwest Passage from Eastern N. America to the
Pacific.
•This helped us (Canada) to have the land that we do now before
it was claimed by another country
Explorers of Western Canada
James Cook
George Vancouver
Nor’Westers: Men of the North
West Company
Simon Fraser
• May 20, 1776-August
18, 1862
• Built first trading posts
in present British
Columbia area
David Thompson
• April 30, 1770-February
10, 1857
• English-Canadian
cartographer and
explorer
• Set up numerous furtrading posts on
Columbia River
•These two men explored the area around British Columbia and
west of the Rockies.
•Like the men earlier mentioned, they helped to established lands
in the name of Britain and Canada
Nor’Westers: Men of the North
West Company
Simon Fraser
David Thompson