Transcript Sustainable Fisheries Management for Improved Livelihoods

Sustainable Fisheries Management
for Improved Livelihoods of the
Coastal Fishing Community
Outline
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Introduction
Meaning of Sustainability
Collaboration under the sustainable development
Directions for achieving environmental success
Project Partners
Stakeholder Involvement
Does change in rural area matter?
Drivers of Change
Analyzing The Drivers
Providing Financial Services to the Poor: Challenges of Micro Finance
Information Asymmetry
Maximize Impact of Micro Finance
Range of Micro Financial Services
Project Outcome
What are protected areas
Issues to consider in MPAs
Effectiveness of MPA
Fisheries resources management tools
State of Resources
Making the MPA Operational
The Goals
The Threats
Introduction
• International trade in fish and fisheries products is a
major contributory factor to this excessive fishing
pressure and over-exploitation.
• The fishing sector vital for social stability and the survival
of the local populations, is threatened by:
• Destructive, unsustainable fishing methods and practices
• Excessive by-catches of non-target organisms; including
endangered and protected species and wasteful
discards.
Meanings of Sustainability
• Delivering Sustainable Development a
strategy, which has four main objectives:
• Social progress which reinforces the needs
of everyone
• Effective protection of the environment
• The prudent use of natural resources, and
• The maintenance of high levels of economic
growth and employment
Collaboration Under Sustainable
Development
• Help to solve issues of naturally depleting
resources
• Help to resolve cultural issues
• Maintain Biodiversity and achieve local
empowerment through stakeholder involvement,
working together and collaboration
• Eco-tourism as an opportunity
Directions for Achieving Environmental
Success
• Address the needs of the local people in regards
to conservation and development, including
tourism
• Locals should actively be involved as
stakeholders in the protection of the
environment
• Tourism should not increase pressure on local
resources (I.e.: use alternative energy sources)
• Adequately dispose of human waste and other
garbage.
Project Partners – IUCN ROWA
• IUCN-ROWA, as an applicant, will be the lead
agency responsible for the overall Project
planning, implementation and management
• IUCN will be responsible for innovative capacity
building and training on sustainable fisheries
management, bringing in its global expertise and
experience, technical advice on
biodiversity/ecosystem/fisheries issues
(including the Marine Officer at IUCN ROWA and
the IUCN Global Marine Programme),
national/international communications etc.
Project Partners – ADR
• ADR will be responsible for the field actions implemented
under the project (thus with all resources allocated to that
being managed locally by ADR. This will include the
community mobilization and facilitation the communication
between the relevant stakeholders, involvement of local
community in the implementation of the project, especially
women, and lead the management of the revolving fund.
• To do so, IUCN will sign a partnership agreement with ADR
spelling out all activities, required resources and the method
of disbursement (installment made based on plans and
progress and financial reporting). ADR will be responsible for
timely planning, implementation and management of all
resources allocated to through the partnership Agreement and
is to report all to IUCN and Drosos..
Stakeholder Involvement
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Lebanese Government, Governorate
of South Lebanon, Tyre Municipality
Ministry of Environment, Dept of
Ecosystem and Protected Areas
Ministry of Agriculture, Dept of
Fisheries
Ministry of Transport and Public
Works
Council of Development and
Reconstruction (CDR)
Ministry of Defense, Lebanese Navy,
Lebanese Army Intelligence
Ministry of Interior and
Municipalities, Coast Guard
Directorate
Fishermen Syndicate of Tyre
Tyre Coast Nature Reserve TCNR
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Research Institute CNRS
Regional Universities
Local Communities / Culture
Fish Markets / Restaurants
Natural Resource Organizations
Tourism Operators (ecotourism)
Tourists
Fishing Syndicate and
Cooperative of Naqoura and
Sarafand.
Does Change in Rural Areas Matter?
Surveys demonstrate tensions in public attitude
• People find it difficult to see what might be the balance
between conservation and development, even in next
few years
• Decision/policy makers views differ from those of public
at large e.g. public think conservation more important
than improving the farming industry
• People are anxious to conserve the countryside but don’t
always express concern about development there
Drivers of change?
• Climate Change – increasingly important
• Population – numbers and types of people and
households
• Lifestyles
• Technology
• Global politics….
• Economics and world trade
Analysing the Drivers
Governance and planning
Fisheries (agriculture) policy and support
Environmental legislation and strategies
Housing and wider development policy
Transport provision/policy and other
infrastructure
Energy policy
Demography
Migration trends and population
characteristics
Societal values and behaviour
Life style choices
Leisure activities
Land ownership
Economic and market trends
Agricultural / Fisheries economy
Skills base
Technology
Agricultural / Fisheries technology
ICT
Energy
Environmental change
Climate change
Energy sources
Providing Financial Services to the
Poor: Challenges of Micro Finance
• Risk management challenges due
to information asymmetry
problems
• Accessibility (geographic
accessibility and easiness to deal
with)
• No collateral, Low value and cash
intensive nature of the business
• Staff training and motivation
High
transaction
costs
Information Asymmetry
Decision to take loan
Adverse
selection
Loan usage
Loan repayment
Moral hazard
The Adverse selection: incomplete information problem (before the loan)
Fishermen profile has to be reviewed by the steering committee and
approved based on panel criteria. Only active fishermen will benefit from
micro-credit
The Moral hazard: hidden action problem (after loan)
Fishermen have to commit to fill up and submit the data collection sheets
on weekly basis, linking the micro-credit to the conservation efforts.
Maximize Impact of Micro Finance
Vulnerability
Need for
More than credit
Differences among
Fishermen
Need for
customized
packages
Understand what programmes work the best
and for whom
Range of Micro Financial Services
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Individual lending
Insurance
Health insurance
Livestock insurance
Weather insurance
Commodity price derivatives
Savings and investments products
Remittances
Project Outcome
Beneficiaries /
Stakeholders
Project
Partners
MPA /
Sustainability
Science /
Universities
Regulators/policy
makers
International
organizations
What are Protected Areas?
According to the UNEP, a protected area is defined as:
An area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the
protection and maintenance of biological diversity and of
natural and associated cultural resources, managed
through legal or other effective means
A Marine Protected Area is defined as:
Any area of the marine environment that has been
reserved by governmental, or local laws or regulations to
provide lasting protection for part or all of the natural and
cultural resources therein.
Issues to Consider for MPAs
Primary conservation goal
• Natural Heritage
• Cultural Heritage
• Sustainable Production
Level of Protection
• No Access
• No Impact
• No Take
• Zoned With No-Take Areas
• Zoned Multiple Use
• Uniform Multiple Use
Permanence of Protection
• Permanent
• Conditional
• Temporary
Constancy of Protection
• Year-Round
• Seasonal
Scale of Protection
• Ecosystem
• Focal Resource
Allowed Extractive Activities
• Commercial Fishing
• Recreational Fishing
• Subsistence Hunting/Fishing
• Scientific/Educational
Collecting
• Mineral/Energy Extraction
• Other
Effectiveness of MPAs
Most assessments of the effectiveness of MPAs have revolved around assessing in increases
in fish stocks/ fisheries
Assessment of the socioeconomic effects of sanctuaries has not been evaluated to such an
extent, but are nonetheless important indicators of effectiveness:
– increasing recreation/ tourism
– increasing community and public awareness of marine conservation
– community “buy in” to, and support of, the marine protected area
Other issues can also be examined – frequency and occurrence of damaging activities (e.g.
blast fishing/ jet skis etc)
In general, all sanctuaries show improvements, or maintenance of, ecological variables over
time
- especially in contract to adjacent non-sanctuary areas which showed maintenance of
the status quo or declines over the same periods.
One of the most critical factors with respect to sanctuaries is ENFORCEMENT of
regulations
As resources allocated to enforcement are often minimal, “buy in” and support from the
local community (i.e. voluntary regulation) is essential for most MPAs
Fisheries Resources Management Tools
• Limitation on amounts of fish landed (quotas)
• Limitation on gear usage (type and nature of
gear)
• Limitation on total effort deployed (effort =
number of vessels x fishing days)
• These Tools are deployed in order to attempt
to keep the fisheries stocks above a safe
biological level.
State of the Resources
• Adoption of new fishing strategies
• Significant reduction in mean individual sizes
of landed species
• Recent Marine Survey indicates a serious overexploitation
• Stagnation or reduction in landings per type of
fishing in spite of the increasing level of fishing
effort
Making the MPA Operational
High Level Policy Goals
(Economic, Social, Environmental)
Broad Objective Relevant to the Fishery
Priority Issues
Operational Objectives
Indicators and Reference Points
Decision Rules
Review and Performance Evaluation
The Goals: Feasible, Reconciled
Objectives for all Stakeholders
SEA BIRD
CONSERVATION
SUBSISTENCE
FISHERY
TUNA
FISHERY
PROTECTION
BIODIVERSITY
SMALL
PELAGIC
FISHERY
ECOTOURISM
SECTOR
PROTECTION
CRITICAL
HABITATS
DEMERSAL
FISHERY
RECREATIONAL
FISHERY
Threats to Implementing Sustainable
Fisheries Management
• Mismatch between expectations and resources.
• Reconciling much expanded set of conflicting
objectives.
• Insufficient or inadequate participation by
stakeholders.
• Insufficient knowledge.
• Equity issues.
• Etc.