Transcript Lab 7: Protacanthopterygii, Paracanthopterygii, and

Lab 7
Protacanthopterygii,
Paracanthopterygii,
and predator avoidance
Shoaling
• 25% of all fishes
shoal
• Dilution and
confusion
• Shoal: any group of
fishes that remains
together for social
reasons
• School: a polarized,
synchronized shoal
Camouflage
• Counter-color shading
• True camouflage
Chemicals
• Poison through
mutualism
• Poison spines
• Schreckstoff
Black bullhead (Ameiurus melas)
Broad-barred firefish (Pterois antennata)
clownfish (Amphiprion spp)
Spines
• Common
characteristic of
derived fishes
bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)
• Discourages attacks
• Hard to swallow
balloonfish (Diodon holocanthus )
Armor
Hassar (Hoplosternum littorale)
Flying
Tropical two-winged flying fish
(Exocoetus volitans)
Superorder Protacanthopterygii
“Before spiny ray”
– Composed of 3 orders: Salmoniformes, Esociformes,
and Osmeriformes
– Cycloid scales, no spiny fins, physostomous gas
bladder
Superorder Paracanthoptherygii
“Like spiny ray”
– 2 orders in our collection : Gadiformes, Percopsiformes
– Ctenoid scales, spines on dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins
– Maxilla separated from premaxilla, but not protractile
Order: Salmoniformes
• Family Salmonidae
• Most thrive in cold water
• Native only to northern hemisphere (but
widely introduced)
• Have an adipose fin and axillary process
Salmon and Trout
Family: Salmonidae
• 3 Genera in our collection
– Oncorhynchus (Pacific salmon and trout) (2)
– Salmo (Atlantic salmon and trout) (1)
– Salvelinus (Chars) (2)
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Telling Trout from Chars
Whitefishes & Cisco
Genus: Coregonus
• Unknown number of species (at least 50)
• Great Lakes used to have lots of species, many
endemic…only a few remaining. Many species were
not even named.
Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
Brook trout
Brown trout
Rainbow trout
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Smelt
Family: Osmeridae
• 7 genera, 16 species; only 1 species in Wisconsin
• Generally a coastal, anadromous fish
• Have adipose fin, but don’t have axillary process
rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax)
Pikes
Family: Esocidae
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1 genera (Esox), 6 species; 3 in Wisconsin
Circumpolar (esp. northern pike)
All species are extremely piscivorous
Fins in primitive position, have duck-like bill
Northern pike (Esox lucius)
Mudminnow
Family: Umbridae
• 3 genera, 5 species; 1 in Wisconsin
• Found only in N. America and Siberia
• Known for their ability to survive low
oxygen levels
• Separated from minnows by round caudal fin
Central mudminnow (Umbra limi)
Superorder
Paracanthopterygii
Trout-Perches
Family: Percopsidae
• 1 genera, 2 species; 1 in Wisconsin
• Have adipose fin, but have weak fin spines
• Ctenoid scales
?
=
Trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus)
Pirate perches
Family: Aphredoderidae
• 1 genus, 1 species
• Characterized by anus
under their chin
Pirate perch (Aphredoderus sayanus)
Burbot
Family: Lotidae
• 6 genera, 21 species; only 1 in
Wisconsin
• Mostly marine and brackish
water species
• No spines
• Thoracic pelvic fins
• Single barbel under chin
burbot (Lota lota)
FIRST PLACE 'POUT!
Carl Shimer won this
year's event with a
13.55 pound eelpout!