Transcript Trends in CDD and Work in Progress

Informal Workshop on CommunityDriven Development (CDD) in WCA
CDD and the Transformation Agenda
M. Manssouri, Country Program Manager, IFAD
Since the 1970s and 1980s…
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IFAD has evolved from supporting area-based
projects, mostly:
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first co-financed
then stand-alone
‘beneficiary-oriented’, or ‘delivery-oriented’, rather
than citizen- or user-oriented
…and from which a lot of lessons have been
learned…
…which have helped to bring about a clearer
focus on rural poverty reduction, and the
concomitant mandate, empowering IFAD’s
target group, to access to credit and
technology (‘green revolution’)
Area-based project experience was
capitalised in terms of…
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Shaping IFAD’s identity and comparative
advantage, as well as for fine-tuning
partnership arrangements (with whom to
work or not to)
Moving from ‘input/output-driven’ projects…
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…to anchoring participatory approaches in the
concrete realities of CBOs…
…and fostering the linkages of these CBOs with
wider systems…
…whilst recognising that these systems are
determined by the quality of policy and
governance settings
However, ‘Input/output-driven’ projects
focused on (formal) organisations and their
development…
Towards system-building in the late 90s…
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The new focus is on institutions, including
the wider processes (the ‘game’) of which
organisations are part (players)
Particular emphasis is placed on higher-level
systems covering…
- institutional
- delivery
- policy
…aspects…dynamically evolving through learning
mechanisms
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Policy aspects govern the system, i.e. the
linkages between stakeholders
System-building (continued)
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This system-building approach uses a range of different
entry points, from:
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State/government reform, to
Sector reform, to
Private sector reform, to
Delivery systems reform, to
Building Community-Based Organisations (CBOs)
Recently appraised projects include an institutional
transformation agenda: CDD, rural financial services,
support to decentralization, support to ME, commodity
chains…
This new generation of projects is more processoriented, actor-focused, seek to integrate people in
wider processes, working at policy-level (the rules of the
game), and at actor-level (the players of the game)
Use of new processes such as multi-stakeholder
approaches, learning and scaling up mechanisms
CDD is an approach from the bottom-up
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With CDD as a vehicle for collective action at the
grassroots level
As a means for mediation between the individual /
citizen / household level and the wider levels…
In CDD, CBOs are not bodies that merely execute
project activities…
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but are viewed in their wider institutional context, within
which are distinguished:
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Organisations managing public goods,
Common Interest Groups incl. farmer groups…
…both of which are organised around concrete stakes…
…with projects focusing more on facilitating linkages
and contributing to fostering autonomous decisionmaking at various levels
Focus on linkages, processes, principles…
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The role of projects and programmes is increasingly
leading to fostering:
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Integration into the market/private sector
Integration into the global community
Integration into civil society
In a constructive tension between:
Competition <> Exclusion
>> Efficiency
>> Equity
Cohesion/Inclusion
>> Stability
Efficiency + Equity
>> Growth
Dynamic over time
A work on the dynamics of the systems (e.g. balancing
outreach and sustainability) to understand and
accommodate the inherent complexity of agricultural and
rural livelihood systems
In this context, enabling the rural poor to
overcome their condition means…
Recognizing that the rural poor and their
institutions are agents of change
 Facilitating institutional transformation:
o
Specialization and segmentation to foster emergence of
farmer, trade organizations, CSOs, private sector
organizations, CIGs, etc.
 Communities to internalize the separation / boundaries,
especially in pre-capitalist societies…
 Policy change to gain leverage in more complex
institutional systems
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Adopting a contextual approach to project design
and implementation to allow for innovation and
flexibility
Multiplicity of Instruments
Time Frame
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CDD as Part of a Larger Transformation
Agenda
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CDD stock-taking efforts in PA, PT and other Divisions
Positioning of CDD as compared to NEPAD, PRSP, MDBS,
SWAPs: where do top-down and bottom-up approaches
meet?
Institutional Analysis Guidelines: filling a methodoligical
gap;
PBAS: A recognition of the importance of Governance
RIMS: Indicators for CDD?
Field Presence: can it be a means for fostering CDD?
Dakar-based Multi-stakeholder Hub: What should be its
role in terms of policy change, and knowledge sharing…
Fidafrique: a medium for a productive tension between
the global, the regional and the local levels – knowledge
and dialogue
Policy forum: can it be a vehicle for advancing the CDD
agenda, improving IFAD interventions’ coherence while
contributing to developing more empowering policies and
instruments