Transcript Document

Clean Development Mechanism
&
Agriculture Sector
Shalin Shah – Sr. Manager (Environment)
Mundra Port & SEZ, Adani Group
Honorary Joint Secretary - NCCSD
1
Background for presentation


Climate Change, Global Warming are well
known terms world over.
So I will not discuss anything on the
basics of Climate Change.
Outline
Mitigation of Global Warming
Kyoto Gases & GWP
The CDM – what & how?
The CDM project Cycle
India’s Position
Types of CDM projects
5
Mitigation of Global Warming
To tackle the challenges posed by global warming (climate
change), United Nations made an agreement at the ‘ United
Nations Conference on Environment and Development’ in 1992
in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil – a conference popularly known as the
“Rio Earth Summit”. That agreement was “The United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change” (UNFCCC).
6
Rio Earth Summit & birth
of UNFCCC
1992
1997
Kyoto Protocol adopted
IPCC GHG inventory report 1990
IPCC constituted
1988
2005
2012
Kyoto Protocol
comes into force
2008 First commitment period
starts
First commitment period
ends
……24 year story
UNFCCC


Signed by 154 states (plus the EU) in 1992
foundation of global efforts to combat global
warming.
Objective: “ The stabilisation of greenhouse
gas (GHGs) concentrations in the atmosphere
at a level that would prevent dangerous man
made interference with the natural climate
system. ”
Mitigation of Global Warming
Kyoto Protocol
•Amendment to the UNFCCC outlined in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan
•Commitment for 38 developed countries to reduce GHG
emissions by 5.2% relative to 1990 levels
•It must be achieved by 2008 – 2012 – first commitment period
•Developed countries – bound with targets – Annex I countries –
Such as: UK, Europe, Australia etc.
•Developing countries – no targets – non annex I countries – Such
as: India; Pakistan; China; Thailand; Malaysia; Mexico; Brazil etc.
10
Outline
Mitigation of Global Warming
Kyoto Gases & GWP
The CDM – what & how?
The CDM project Cycle
India’s position
Types of CDM projects
Kyoto Gases & GWP
There are over 30 atmospheric greenhouse gases…But only 6 attract
CC, so called ”Kyoto Gases”
•
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
•
Methane (CH4)
•
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
•
Perfluorocarbons (CXFX)
•
Hydrofluorocarbons (CXHXFX)
•
Sulphur Hexaflouride (SF6)
Relevant to biocarbon & industrial
projects
Relevant to
industrial projects
Each of these gases has a different warming potential
12
Kyoto Gases & GWP
Each of these gases has a different ‘radiative forcing’
capability and a different atmospheric residence time
Need for a ‘common currency’, so that all such Kyoto
gases are denominated in the same way
Solution: develop a relative scale, using CO2 as a reference gas
13
Kyoto Gases & GWP
Kyoto Gas
(Green House
Gas)
CO2
CH4
N2O
PFC
HFC
SF6
Global
Warming
Potential
(GWP)
1
23
310
6500 – 9200
140 – 11700
23900
Relative scale –
everything is measured
relative to CO2
e.g. Methane is 21
times more potent as
a Green House Gas
than CO2
e.g. Sulphur
Hexafluoride is
23,900 times more
potent!
14
Outline
Mitigation of Global Warming
Kyoto Gases & GWP
The CDM – what & how?
The CDM project Cycle
India’s Position
Types of CDM projects
Clean Development Mechanism
‘Flexibility Mechanisms’ of Kyoto Protocol
Clean Development Mechanism
(Achieving part of reduction obligations of developed countries
through projects in developing countries that reduce GHG emissions)
It is defined under Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol
Emission Trading
(Trading of emission allowances between developed countries)
Joint implementation
(Transferring emission allowances between developed nations, linked
to specific emission reduction projects)
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Clean Development Mechanism
Purposes of CDM – two primary goals
Developed
countries can
reduce emissions
anywhere in the
world
They can count
these reductions
towards their own
targets
CDM allows
developed
countries to
generate CC
(Certified
Emission
Reductions, CERs)
in developing
countries
Advantages for developed
countries:
relatively low-cost &
politically acceptable
Advantages for developing
countries:
inward investment,
environmental &
technology benefits
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Clean Development Mechanism
Generation of CC
Carbon credits (CERs)
GHG emissions
CERs from a CDM project
are calculated as:
CER = BE – PE
Project
start
The Baseline Emissions
(BE) is the amount of GHG
that would have been
emitted to the atmosphere
in the absence of the CDM
project activity.
PE is the Project Emissions
Historical Trend
Time
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What is Carbon Credit ?
Carbon credits are reduction in emission of
GHGs caused by a project
1 CER = 1 tonne of CO2 equivalent (e)
reduction
1 CER = 1 Carbon Credit
1 VER = 1 Carbon Credit
( Earned Through Voluntary Route )
_____________________________
CER – Certified Emission Reduction
VER – Voluntary Emission Reduction
Clean Development Mechanism
Qualification for CDM Project
Five major criteria
a) GHG reduction - real and measurable
b) Contribution to the sustainable development of
the host country
c) No “diversion” of official development assistance
d) Demonstration of Additionality
e) Project after 2 August 2008 – Inform UNFCCC
within Six months
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Clean Development Mechanism
Demonstration of Additionality
Additional incentives provided by emission reduction credits, is a
concept known as "additionality". It is the most significant
requirement for a project to qualify for the CDM benefits.
• Emission Additionality – Net decrease in GHG emission is called Emission
Additionality.
• Financial Additionality – Project funding should not be counted towards the
financial obligations of the host country
• Technological Additionality – CDM project activities should lead to transfer
of environmentally safe & sound technologies.
If the industry is legally mandated (bound to do any of the above by
law) to undertake the project activity (e.g. use of CNG for public
transport in Delhi), such a project is generally not eligible for CDM
benefits.
21
Additionality – benchmark analysis
Revenue / NPV / IRR
Choose an appropriate financial indicator and compare it with a relevant
benchmark value: e.g. required return on capital or internal company
benchmark
Investment
threshold
Project without
carbon element
Project with
carbon element
Carbon revenue
makes the
project
attractive
relative to
investment
alternatives
Project without
carbon revenue
is profitable –
but not
sufficiently
profitable
compared with
alternatives
Some examples of additionality

Capturing methane from an urban landfill and flaring it
— Carbon credits represent the only source of income
for undertaking this activity
Capturing methane from an urban landfill and utilizing it to
generate electricity
?

— Project developer would have to demonstrate that
the electricity revenue alone would not make this
project attractive
Building a large hydro project for the grid in Ethiopia
— Questionable additionality: there is already plenty of
hydro activity in Ethiopia
CDM – Cancun outcome



Issue - Continuation of CDM Post 2012
Progress / Decisions - Indications CDM will be part of
new post-2012 scheme, despite
on-going uncertainty over the
future of the Kyoto Protocol
Remarks
Cancun conference decided that
next year (at the next Climate
Change Conference in South Africa),
one or more new market based
mechanism will be established.
Any such new mechanism will maintain and build upon
existing mechanisms, including those established under the
Kyoto Protocol (like CDM)
Outline
Mitigation of Global Warming
Kyoto Gases & GWP
The CDM – what & how?
The CDM project Cycle
India’s position
Types of CDM projects
CDM Project Cycle
CDM Approval Stages
Responsible
Parties
Duration
PP
2 – 6 Months
A
Project Design
 Project screening
 Development of PIN, PDD & PCN
B
Host Country Approval (HCA)
 Submission of PCN & PDD to NCDMA/DNA
 Presentation by PP during NCDMA meeting
PP
DNA
2 Months
C
Validation
 Submission of PDD & HCA approval letter to DOE
DOE
1 Month
D
Registration
 Submission of validation report & PDD to CDM EB
CDM EB
2 Months
E
Project Implementation and Monitoring
 Implementation of project
 Monitoring and recording of emissions
PP
Continuous
F
Verification and Certification
 Verification of emission reduction
 Certification of emission reduction
DOE
Once every year
G
Issuance of CER
 Submission of certificate given by DOE to CDM EB
 Issuance of CER to Project Proponent
DOE
CDM EB
10 or 21 Years
(variable)
26
CDM - Time Needed Vs. Time Taken
Activities in
CDM Cycle
Time
Needed
(Weeks)
Average
Time Taken
(Weeks)
Preparation of
PIN, PCN, PDD
8
16
Resource Constraint, Lack of Knowledge,
procedural changes etc.
Host Country
Approval
6
10
Delay in submission of required documents
Validation
14
24
Delay in appointment of DOE, Amendment
of frequent changes in methodology,
Guidelines, Tool etc.
4-8
24
Delay in web-hosting by EB, Req. for Review,
Under Review, Corrections Requested etc.
Monitoring &
Verification
52
70
Delay in appointment of DOE, Delay in webhosting by EB etc.
Issuance of CER
4
12
Req. for Review, Under Review, Corrections
Requested etc.
CER Transaction
4
8
Delay in identifying buyers, ERPA signing,
Buyer DNA approval etc.
Total (Approx.)
96
164
Registration
Reason for Delay
CDM Project Cycle
A) Project Design
Three major credentials



Project Idea Note (PIN): It includes the basic information
and basic calculations to check the viability of the proposed
project. It is not a mandatory document.
Project Concept Note (PCN): It includes basic information
about project and project developers, technology, finance,
sustainable development criteria, project risks, baseline
methodology etc. Mandatory document required for HCA
Project Design Document (PDD): It is a project specific
document which included expected emission reduction
calculations and monitoring plan along with the elaborated
information provided in the PCN. Mandatory document required
by NCDMA; DOE and CDM EB
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B) Host Country Approval
37
CDM Project Cycle
B.
Validation: Once the PDD has been completed and the HCA has been
received, all documents along with HCA letter have to be submitted to
DOE (Designated Operational Entity) for review and approval (Validation).
C.
Registration: The DOE submits the validation report, validation opinion
and a request for registration to the CDM EB. Registration of project by
the CDM EB is an act of formal acceptance of the validated project.
D.
Project Implementation & Monitoring: Once the project has been
registered, it can be implemented. From the point of implementation on,
the project developer needs to monitor the project performance,
according to the procedures laid out in validated monitoring plan of PDD.
D.
Verification & certification: The DOE verifies the data collected by the
project developers according to the monitoring plan and certifies the
total emission reductions actually occurred during the specified time
period.
E.
Issuance of CERs: Based on the DOE certification, CDM EB issues the
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CERs to the project proponent.
Crediting period
CDM mitigation projects
• Project developers have two crediting period options:
– A maximum of 7 years, which can be renewed up to 2 times
(i.e. a potential total crediting period of 21 years)
– A maximum of 10 years, with no option for renewal
CDM sequestration projects (forestry)
• Project developers have two crediting period options:
– A maximum of 20 years, which can be renewed up to 2 times
(i.e. a potential total crediting period of 60 years)
– A maximum of 30 years, with no option for renewal
A maximum of 10
years with no
option of renewal
Greenhouse gas emissions
Crediting period
Starting date of
the crediting
period
Emissions under the project scenario
10 years
No renewal
Greenhouse gas emissions
Why not maximise the crediting period?
Baseline must
be reassessed
by DOE at each
renewal
7 years
Greenhouse gas emissions
Why not maximise the crediting period?
Baseline must
be reassessed
by DOE at each
renewal
Emissions under the
baseline scenario
The baseline
scenario may
become less
favourable
Emissions under the
project scenario
7 years
7 years
7 years
Outline
Mitigation of Global Warming
Kyoto Gases & GWP
The CDM – what & how?
The CDM project Cycle
India’s position
Types of CDM projects
Per Capita CO2 Emissions
25
19.18
20
15
10.06
9.54
10
4.91
5
1.31
India
China
Source: EIA 2008
Germany
Japan
U.S.A.
0
TOP 20 Emitters of the World
Country
Total Emissions (MMtCO2)
Per Capita Emissions (Tons/Capita)
1.
China
6534
4.91
2.
United States
5833
19.18
3.
Russia
1729
12.29
4.
India
1495
1.31
5.
Japan
1214
9.54
6.
Germany
829
10.06
7.
Canada
574
17.27
8.
United Kingdom
572
9.38
9.
Korea, South
542
11.21
10.
Iran
511
7.76
11.
Saudi Arabia
466
16.56
12.
Italy
455
7.82
13.
South Africa
451
9.25
14.
Mexico
445
4.04
15.
Australia
437
20.82
16.
Indonesia
434
1.83
17.
Brazil
428
2.18
18.
France
415
6.48
19.
Spain
359
8.86
20.
Ukraine
350
7.61
Source: EIA 2008
India’s Position
First registration: 8th March, 2005
First CER issued: 21st August, 2005
Registered projects: 513 projects (as of July, 2010)
HCA projects: 1704 projects (as of July, 2010)
Estimated CER volume: 441 million CERs (39690 Crore
INR, till 2012) if they are successfully registered by
CDM-EB
CERs issued: ~79.11 million CERs
The majority of registered project in India are
renewable energy project focusing on hydropower, and
wind energy
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The CDM project pipeline
Fossil fuel switch
3%
Energy efficiency
(industry), 4%
N2O
2%
Other
7%
Hydro
26%
Agriculture, 6%
Biogas, 7%
Landfill gas, 8%
Energy efficiency
(own generation)
9%
Biomass energy
16%
Wind
12%
India offers vast untapped market
for Carbon Trading




India today manufactures >25 million tons of
steel.
Installed capacity of electrical
generation of >110,000 MW
power
Produces over >200 million tons of foodgrains
With GDP growth of 8.5% against the energy
consumption growth rate of 7.5%
India offers…..cont.

Leading sectors, having GHG Mitigation potential include
energy efficiency (45%), renewable energy (35%), methane
emissions abatement (15%), and improvements in the thermal
energy generation sector (5%).

In India, total C02-e emissions in 1990 were 10,01,352 Gg,
which was approx. 3% of global emissions. The Power sector
was the largest emitter of C02, contributing 55% of national
emissions.

India would be requiring an additional 100,000 MW of power
by 2012.
India’s Position
50
India’s Position
Case Study
Gujarat Fluoro Chemicals Limited:
Registered on 8th March, 2005
Claims ~ 3 million CERs (270 Crore INR) every year for reducing
GHG by thermal oxidation of HFC23 (GWP = 11700)
Recent monitoring report (01/08/08 to 30/09/08) claimed ~ 1.4
million CERs (126 Crore INR)
Tamilnadu Spinning Mills Association (TASMA):
Registered on 10th June, 2007
Claims ~ 0.69 million CERs (62 Crore INR) every year for reducing
GHG by bundled wind power project in Tamilnadu
Recent monitoring report (01/01/08 to 31/08/08) claimed ~ 0.6
million CERs (48.6 Crore INR)
51
RE & EE Potential in India
Sector
Estimated
Potential (MW)
Installed Capacity
(MW)
Untapped
Potential (MW)
Wind
45,195
7,844.52
37,350.48
Small Hydro
(<25 MW)
15,000
2,045.61
12,954.39
Biomass
16,881
605.8
16,275.2
---
2.18
---
Cogeneration
bagasse
5,000
719.83
4,280.17
Waste to
Energy
2,700
55.25
2,644.75
Solar Power
Plant
Source: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India (As on 31st December
2007)
Energy Efficiency: 23,000 MW (Assessed by World Bank, Source:
FICCI)
Outline
Mitigation of Global Warming
Kyoto Gases & GWP
The CDM – what & how?
The CDM project Cycle
India’s position
Types of CDM projects
Types of CDM Projects
Small Scale CDM Projects
 Small-scale projects can use simplified procedures.
 The following types of projects are considered small-scale.
 Renewable energy projects: up to 15MW capacity
 Energy efficiency projects: up to 60 GWh/yr reduction in
energy consumption
 Other projects: up to 60 KtCO2 equivalent (60,000 CER)
emission reduction
o CH4 recovery in wastewater treatment
o Switching fossil fuels
o Landfill CH4 recovery
57
Programmatic CDM offers new Opportunities
Regular CDM
Size-Distribution of Potential CDM Project Sites
• Single site, stand-alone
projects
• ‘Carbon upgrades’
Bundled CDM
Number of installations / units
• Bundling several
projects under a single
PDD
• All projects must be
identified ex ante, and
must start at the same
time
Programmatic CDM
large
medium
Installation / unit size
small
• Addresses the ‘long tail’
of small units
• Permits sector-wide
transition to low-carbon
economy
• Particular relevance to
Africa
CDM Projects in Agriculture Sector
Improved manure management
Reduced enteric fermentation
Improved/reduced chemical agri-inputs use (fertilizers, pesticides,
herbicides, etc.)
Reduced machinery use (and/or lower fossil fuel intensity of
conservation agriculture practices)
Agronomic planning (selection of seeds and species with low chemical
agri-inputs demand and water requirements)
Energy from dedicated crops
Energy from agricultural residues, animal waste, and other on-farm
organic waste
Water management (water saving from improved water retention,
reduced evaporation, ect.)
Improved irrigation techniques/technologies (i.e. drip and sprayer
irrigation)
Improved water management in rice cultivation
Global contribution of
agriculture to greenhouse
gas emissions.
1 Pg (Peta gram)
= 1 Gt (Giga tonne)
= 1000 million tonnes.
Source: Cool Farming
Climate Impacts of Agriculture &
Mitigation potential
GREENPEACE 2008
Mt CO2-eq
CH4+ N2O
CH4+ N2O
CH4
CO2
CO2
N2O
CH4
CH4+ N2O
sources of agricultural greenhouse gases, excluding land use change
GHG emissions from fossil fuel and energy
use in farm operations and production of
chemicals for agriculture.
Tillage
Application of agrochemicals
Drilling or seeding
Combine harvesting
Use of farm machinery
Pesticides (production)
Irrigation
Fertiliser (production)
Total
kg CO2-eq km-2
Pg CO2-eq
440 – 7360
180 – 3700
810 – 1430
2210 – 4210
Subtotal
220 – 9220
3440 – 44400
–
0.007 – 0.113
0.003 – 0.057
0.015 – 0.022
0.034 – 0.065
0.059 – 0.257
0.003 – 0.14
0.053 – 0.684
0.284 – 0.575
0.399 – 1.656
Energy requirement and carbon dioxide
emissions resulting from the production
of different fertilisers
Fertiliser
Energy requirement Carbon dioxide emissions in
in MJ kg-1 N
kg (CO2)/kg produced*
Nitrogen
65 – 101
Phosporus
15
Potassium
8
Lime
Manure
N as manure
3.294 – 6.588
0.366 – 1.098
0.366 – 0.732
0.110 – 0.842
0.026 – 0.029
0.6 – 2.9
Global carbon stocks in vegetation and top
one metre of soils
Biome
Area
Carbon Stocks
(Pg CO2-eq)
Carbon stock
concentration
(Pg CO2-eq M
km-2)
M km2
Vegetation
Soils
Total
Tropical forests
Temperate forests
Boreal forests
Tropical savannas
Temperate grasslands 12.50
Deserts and Semi deserts
Tundra
Wetlands
Croplands
17.60
10.40
13.70
22.50
33
45.50
9.50
3.50
16.00
776
216
322
242
1566
582
2046
1208
89
728
465
878
479
89
56
149
54
29
22
55
11
791
366
1724
966
1113
699
443
824
468
Total
151.20
1706
7360
9066
60
1080
Source: IPCC 2001, Land use, land use change and forestry.
16
49
251
30
Technical mitigation potential by 2030 of
each agricultural management practice
Source: IPCC (2007):
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report:
Climate Change: Mitigation of Climate Change.
Total technical mitigation potentials (all practices, all GHGs:
MtCO2-eq/yr) for each region by 2030,
Source: IPCC (2007): IPCC Fourth Assessment Report:
Climate Change: Mitigation of Climate Change.
Economic potential for GHG Agricultural mitigation by 2030
Simplified methodologies
Aspect 1: Technology/measure:
What would be specific examples for new
sustainable technologies, management
practice etc. (avail)able to reduce GHG
emissions (e.g. reduced mechanization,
low-tillage practices, or use of lighter
machinery)?
Simplified methodologies
Aspect 2: Baselines
Could you think of clear, logical and
quantifiable
procedures
for
the
identification of baseline emissions, i.e.
the scenario for GHG emissions in absence
of the proposed activity/project?
Simplified methodologies
Aspect 3: Monitoring plan
What would be simple, straight-forward
monitoring measures /plans/indicators to
verify GHG reductions throughout the life
time of each respective activity/project?
Simplified methodologies
Aspect 4: Project boundary
What is your idea of reasonable project
boundaries
(e.g.
the
physical,
geographical boundaries of the agricultural
field, including machinery used on the
field but maybe excluding machinery used
for processing or transportation) for
quantifying GHG emission reductions?
Simplified methodologies
Aspect 5: Leakage
Does the project/activity (indirectly) cause
an increase in GHG emissions outside its
project boundaries?
Two Chinese Case Examples

Rural Household Biogas

Conservation Tillage
Approved CDM methodologies
For Biogas Digesters
Emission inventory per household under the
baseline scenario and the project scenario
respectively (tCO2e/year/household)
Manure management
or CH4 emissions from
biogas digester
leakage
CO2 emissions
from coal burning
Baseline
0.66
1.95
2.61
Project
0.20
0.27
0.47
Emission
Reduction
Emissions per
household
2.14
Conservation Tillage

Conservation tillage is an integrated tillage system in which large
amounts of crop straws are used to cover the soil and minimize
all the possible tillage activities.

Conservation tillage, which employs the technologies such as no
tillage or minimum tillage, micro-terrain rebuilding, land
covering, and controlling weeds with herbicides, is aimed to
reduce the disturbance and increase the straw coverage to soil
(Gao HW, 2005; Gao WS, 2007; Li HW, 2008).

It is composed of four essential components (Di Y, 2008):
 Planting techniques without tillage;
 Covering soil with straws or plant residues;
 Deeply loosing the soil; and
 Integrated control techniques on weeds and pests.
Conservation Tillage – Increase in Soil
Organic Carbon (SOC)




reduce the disturbance on soils to protect soil organic matter
from oxidization and mineralization
Straw coverage adds more soil organic carbon, which means
conservation tillage may increase soil organic carbon in
different degrees
affects soil temperature and moisture status, which in turn
affects soil carbon stock indirectly. Soil temperature affects
micro organisms’ activity, and determines the decomposing
speed of soil organic matter
Different tillage practices may have different effects on micro
organisms’ activity, which may lead to varying accumulation of
organic matter in soils.
The area of conservation tillage and its percentage of sowing
area and other farming methods in the USA (1990-2004), unit Mha, %
Source: United States Conservation Tillage Information Centre (CTIC) and Reports
of Crop Stubble Management (2004).
Chinese case example

7-year (2003–2009) field experiment was conducted near in
Shandong province

Soil at the site was a loam soil, 1.345 per cent organic matter
and pH of 7.1. Mean annual air temperature and precipitation
in the area is 13.0°C and 621 mm, respectively

The cropping system is winter wheat-maize rotation. All straw
of wheat and maize was returned to the soil after harvest.
Information on application amount of
straw amendment and nitrogen
fertilizer, nitrogen in the straw
Total GHG emissions under baseline
Total GHG emissions under project activity
Complete scenario – Emission Reduction
Shri Sharad Pawar said during 4th World
Congress on Conservation Agriculture on
4th Feb, 2009 New Delhi

Conservation tillage or no-tillage is now being practised on
almost 100 million ha area worldwide with the major
countries being USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and Australia.

In India alone, the area under conservation tillage has
increased to more than 2 million ha.
But

At present, the international climate change agreement post2012 is still under negotiation. It is still uncertain if cropland
management, including conservation tillage practice, can
become an eligible project activity under CDM post-2012.

Therefore, considering the effects of conservation tillage of
enhancing the soil carbon stock, incentives for farmers to take
actions of enhancing carbon sequestration, as well as
providing technical support for reaching an international
climate change agreement and associated implementation
post-2012, it is necessary to conduct a feasibility study of
conservation tillage as an eligible project activity under CDM
and methodology guidelines.
Summary

India has a very big role to play

More opportunities even after 2012

Demand for CERs is likely to increase

Market based instruments will play a key role

Government and trade organizations have to put more
efforts to create strong awareness of CDM specifically
for SMEs
Why all these to you??
The audience I am addressing consists of Agriculture Specialists
Secondly, the CDM project
developers need to have certain
capabilities such as:
• Analytical thinking
• Mathematical ability
• Understanding of
chemical processes and
operations
• Creative opinion
The mother Earth
needs our attention
You have these qualities – Meaning
YOU CAN DO IT !!
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Some Important Reference
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unfccc.int
cdmindia.in
cdmindia.com
UNEP Risoe Centre
oppenhagen
Magic of
urban
C DM
exico
Let’s make the world a better place to live in
Shalin Shah
Environmental Engineer
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: +919879203702