Transcript Microskills Hierarchy

Microskills Hierarchy
Five-stage interview structure
Reflection of feeling
Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
Client observation skills
Open and closed questions
Attending behavior
Ethics and multicultural competence
The Ivey Taxonomy
Anticipating the results of skill
useage
First Sections of Taxonomy
• Ethics & Multicultural
competence
• Attending Behaviors
• Basic Listening Sequence
Ethics & Multicultural Competence
Present in all interviews
Expected Outcome
Helpees learn, appreciate,
respect your knowledge
Attending Behaviors
Individually & culturally
appropriate visuals, vocals,
verbals, and body
language
Expected outcome
Helpees talk more freely &
respond openly especially
about topics to which
attention is given (selective
attention)
Basic Listening Sequence
• Open and closed
questions
• Observation
• Encouraging
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
Open and closed questions
Open begin with who, what,
when, where and why;
closed with is, are
Expected Outcome
Open = more detail
Closed = more specific
Both = more talk
Observation
Observing self and other
verbals & nonverbals plus
discrepancies &
incongruities
Expected Outcome
Use as foundation for when to
apply microskills
Encouraging
Verbal (repeat key words)
and nonverbal (head
nods) to support continued
talking
Expected outcome
Topics are elaborated
Paraphrasing
Feed back short version of
what helpee said
Expected outcome
Helpees feel heard
Further information given
If inaccurate, allows corrective
feedback
Summarizing
Longer time span than
paraphrase
Attention to feelings
Expected outcome
Helps integrate thoughts,
feelings, behaviors
More centered discussion
Reflection of feeling
Identify key emotions;
feedback to clarify
affective experience
Expected outcome
Helpees go more deeply into
feelings
Levels of Empathy
• Basic empathy – responses
roughly interchangeable
with those of helpee (level
3, 4, 5 on rating scale)
• Additive empathy – adds
to helpee statement by
going beyond what is said
to what is implied (level 6, 7
on rating scale)
Positive Regard
• Responding to the helpee
as a worthy human being
• Being nonjudgmental
Respect and Warmth
• Kinesthetic and nonverbal
behaviors that
demonstrate value the
helpee
Concreteness
• Specific
– Thoughts
– Feelings
– Examples of actions
Immediacy
• Being in the moment
• Here and now not there
and then
• Use present tense
Nonjudgmental Attitude
• Operating for a values
neutral position
• Not imposing one’s own
values on helpee
• Change is unlikely without
trust
Authenticity and Congruence
• Are you who you say you
are?
Five Stages of Interview
•
•
•
•
Initiating
Gathering Data
Mutual Goal Setting
Exploring Alternatives,
Confronting Incongruities
• Terminating