Transcript Microskills Hierarchy

Microskills Hierarchy
Five-stage interview structure
Reflection of feeling
Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
Client observation skills
Open and closed questions
Attending behavior
Ethics and multicultural competence
The Ivey Taxonomy
Anticipating the results of skill
useage
First Sections of Taxonomy
• Ethics & Multicultural
competence
• Attending Behaviors
• Basic Listening Sequence
Ethics & Multicultural Competence
Present in all interviews
Expected Outcome
Clients learn, appreciate,
respect your knowledge
Attending Behaviors
Individually & culturally
appropriate visuals, vocals,
verbals, and body
language
Expected outcome
Clients talk more freely &
respond openly especially
about topics to which
attention is given (selective
attention)
Basic Listening Sequence
• Open and closed
questions
• Observation
• Encouraging
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
Open and closed questions
Open begin with who, what,
when, where and why;
Closed begin with is, and are
Expected Outcome
Open = more detail
Closed = more specific
Both = more talk
Observation
Observing self and other
Verbals & nonverbals plus
discrepancies &
incongruities
Expected Outcome
Use as foundation for when to
apply microskills
Encouraging
Verbal (repeat key words)
and nonverbal (head
nods) to support continued
talking
Expected outcome
Topics are elaborated
Paraphrasing
Feed back a shortened
version of what client said
Expected outcome
clients feel heard
Further information given
If inaccurate, allows corrective
feedback
Summarizing
Longer time span than
paraphrase
Attention to feelings
Expected outcome
Helps integrate thoughts,
feelings, behaviors
More centered discussion
Reflection of feeling
Identify key emotions;
feedback to clarify
affective experience
Expected outcome
Helpees go more deeply into
feelings
Empathic Understanding
• The listening skills presented thus
far form the behavioral basis on
empathy.
• The qualitative dimensions such
as concreteness, immediacy,
and nonjudgmental attitude
are also important.
Levels of Empathy
• Basic empathy – responses
roughly interchangeable
with those of helpee (level
3, 4, 5 on rating scale)
• Additive empathy – adds
to helpee statement by
going beyond what is said
to what is implied (level 6, 7
on rating scale)
Positive Regard
• Responding to the clients
as worthy human being
• Being nonjudgmental
Respect and Warmth
• Kinesthetic and nonverbal
behaviors that
demonstrate value to the
client
Concreteness
• Specific
– Thoughts
– Feelings
– Examples of actions
Immediacy
• Being in the moment
• Here and now
• NOT there and then
• Use present tense
Nonjudgmental Attitude
• Operating from a values
neutral position
• Not imposing one’s own
values on client
• Change is unlikely without
trust
Authenticity and Congruence
• Are you who you say you
are?
Five Stages of Interview
• Initiating
• Gathering Data
• Mutual Goal Setting
• Exploring Alternatives,
Confronting Incongruities
• Terminating
Initiating the Session
• Rapport and Structuring
• Expected Outcome
– The client will feel at ease
and know what to expect.
Gathering Data
• Drawing out stories, concerns,
problems, or issues
• Expected Consequence:
– The client will share thoughts,
feelings, and behavior. With the
positive asset search, the client will
also be expected to share
strengths and resources that may
be available for the problem.
Mutual Goal Setting
• What do you want to work on
today? / What do you want to
happen?
• Expected Consequence:
– The client will discuss directions in
which he or she might want to go,
new ways of thinking, desired
feeling states, and behaviors that
might change. A more ideal story
ending might be defined.
Working
• Exploring Alternatives,
Confronting Incongruities,
restorying.
• Expected Consequence:
– The client may reexamine
individual goals in new ways and
start the move toward new stories
and action through confronting
discrepancies, facing new
challenges, and experiencing a
variety of influencing skills form the
interviewer.
Terminating
• Generalizing and acting
on new stories.
• Expected Consequence:
– If all stages are completed
successfully, expect the
client to demonstrate
change in behavior,
thoughts, and feelings in
daily life outside of the
interview.