Transcript Some Definitions

Monitoring and
Enforcement of activity
standard in emergency
response and disaster
management plan
(erdmp)
ANIL KUMAR SHARMA
CHIEF ENGINEER
.C.G. ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION BOARD
EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Systematic and Critical examination of an industrial
operation in its entirety to identify potential hazards and
level of risks/ disaster.
To mobilize all the technical & manpower resources to
investigate the causes and means of preventions
For foreseeing hazards and risks and preventing them
before the occurrence.
Regulatory, moral and economic necessity.
Safety and productivity are closely linked and sound
productivity practices are linked with the sound safety
practices.
Investments in safety pays back in short period and are thus
an economic necessity.
Enhances the morale of the work force and add to
productivity in turn.
The Rating of Activity Standards
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Based on the data gathered through questionnaire
and participative interaction a detailed activity
standard proforma is to be filled up.
The rating of activity standards is to be done
through brain storming session with groups,
industry supervisor, foreman etc.
The rating is by a simple semantic scale of “PoorFair-Good-Excellent”.
The form allows only for manual rating, which is
slow and tedious.
The Standard Safety Performance
Rating (SSPR)
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Provides a means of comprehensive safety performance rating
under six heads of management control.
Organization & Administration of Safety, health &
Environment
Industrial hazard control
Fire control and industrial hygiene
Supervisory and workman participation motivation and
training.
Accident investigation, Analysis Reporting & follow up
Action.
Off the job safety.
SWOT Analysis of Safety Performance
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SWOT is a general purpose management
performance review system and is valuable for
OHS. Audits also.
It is a study of the Strengths, Weaknesses and
Threats (SWOT)
Example: - Strength and Weakness
- Exploitation of Opportunities
- Recognition and Control of
Threats.
Evaluation for Activity Standards for
ERDMP
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Organization and Administration of Safety, Health
and Environment.
Industrial hazards Control
Fire control and Industrial hygiene
Supervisory and Workman participation,
Motivation and training.
Accident investigation analysis, reporting and
follow up action.
Additional areas of performance rating as may be
felt.
Data Required
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Detailed diagram, layout equipment specification
preparing
layout etc.
Safe operating procedure
Maintenance policy laid down practices.
Framing
Meteorological conditions
Area map
Necessary data EMP/MP
Methodology
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Data collection and site visits.
Study of the SOPs (Safe Operating Procedures) and safety
mechanisms.
Study of the organization structure, technical manpower
selection, training and age group combinations.
Study of the lay out and preparation of Hazard check list.
Study of HAZOP report to find the potential disaster scenarios
and the possible sequence of deviations leading to disasters
and measures to control the same .
Development of scenarios of potential disasters.
Study of the failure rates and reliability data.
Source modeling and Scenario development of potential
disasters.
Methodology
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Study of the meteorological data.
Evaluation of the risk levels against other and related
human activities as well as international guidelines
and norms.
Recommendations on control of potential disasters
and risk mitigation.
Modeling for environmental impact assessment.
Interpretation of computer out put.
Evaluation of risks, comparison with norms and
development of mitigation measures.
Preparation of reports HAZOP etc.
Activity Standards for Safety Audits
[
EVALUATION DONE FOR :
S.N.
A.
ACTIVITY
POOR
FAIR
GOOD
EXCELLENT
ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF SAFETY, HEALTH AND
Rating ->
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
ENVIRONMENT
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1.
Declaration
of
safety, health and
environment policy
and assignment of
responsibilities
assigned
No statement of
safety, health and
environment policy
as
per statutory
provisions.
Responsibility and
accountability
not
assigned
A
general
understanding
of
safety, health and
environment control,
Responsibility
and
accountability,
not
written
Formal Safety, health
and
environment
policy declared and
copies in English and
local language widely
displayed
and
circulated
and
responsibilities
written and distributed
to supervisors.
In addition to 'Good', safety, health
and environment policy, same is
reviewed periodically and posted.
Responsibility and accountability
is emphasized in supervisory
performance evaluations
2
Safe
Operating
Procedures (SOPs)
No written SOPs
Written SOPs for
some but not all
hazardous operations
Written SOPs for all
hazardous operations
All hazardous operations covered
by a procedure, posted at the job
locations,
with
an
annual
documented review to determine
adequacy
3
Employee selection
and placement
Only
pre
employment physical
exam given
In
addition,
an
aptitude
test
is
introduced to new
employees
In addition to ‘fair’
new employees past
safety
record
is
considered in their
employment
In addition to 'Good', when
employees are considered for
promotion, their safety attitude
and record is considered
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
4.
Emergency
and
disaster control plans
No plan or procedure
Verbal understanding
on
emergency
procedures
Written plan containing
the
minimum
requirements
All types of emergencies covered
with
written
procedures,
Responsibilities are defined with
backup personnel provisions
5
Direct management
involvement
No
activity
Follow up on accident
problems
In addition to Fair
management reviews
all injury and property
damage reports and
holds
supervision
accountable for firm
corrective measures
In addition so Good, reviews all
investigation reports loss control
problems are treated as other
operation
problems
in
staff
meetings.
6
Plant safety rules
No written rules
Plan safety rules, have
been developed and
posted
Plant safety rules are
incorporated in the
plant work rules
In addition plant work rules are
firmly enforced and updated at least
annually
Measurable
B. INDUSTRIAL HAZARD CONTROL
1
House keeping of
storage of materials
etc.
House keeping is
generally poor. Raw
material items being
processed
House keeping is fair,
Some attempts to store
adequately
materials
are being made
House keeping and
storage of materials are
orderly. Heavy and
bulky objects well
stored out of aisles, etc.
House keeping and storage of
materials are ideally controlled
2
Machine guarding
Little attempt is made
to control hazardous
points on machinery
Partial but inadequate
or ineffective attempts
at control are in
evidence
There is evidence of
control which meets
statutory requirements
are still possible
Machine hazards are effectively
controlled to the extent that injury is
unlikely. Safety of operator is given
proper importance at the time of
process design
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1
2
3
4
FAIR
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
3.
General
guarding
area
Little attempt is
made to control such
hazards
as:
unprotected
floor.
Openings : slippery
or effective floors :
stair way surfaces :
inadequate
illuminations etc.
Partial but inadequate
attempts to control
these hazards
are
evidenced
There is evidence of
control which meets
the
statutory
requirements
but
further improvements
still needed.
There hazards are effectively
controlled to the extent that injury
is unlikely
4
Maintenance
of
equipment guards.
Hand tools etc.
No
systematic
programme
of
maintaining guards,
hand tools, controls,
and other safety
features
of
equipments etc.
Partial but inadequate
or
ineffective
maintenance
Maintenance
programme
for
equipment and safety
features is adequate.
Electrical hand tools
are
tested
and
inspected
before
insurance, and on a
routine basis
In addition to Good is preventive
maintenance
systems
programmed
for
hazardous
equipment and devices. Safety
reports
flied
and
safety
department
consulted
when
abnormal conditions are found.
5
Material handingmanual
and
mechanized
Little attempt is
made to minimize
possibility of injury
from the handling of
materials
Partial but ineffective
or
inadequate
attempts at controls
are in evidence
Loads are limited to
size and shape for
handling by hand,
and mechanization is
provided for heavy or
bulky loads
In addition to controls for both
manual
and
mechanized
handling, adequate measures
prevail to prevent conflict
between other workers and
material being moved.
S.N.
ACTIVITY
POOR
Rating ->
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6.
Personal protective
equipments (PPEs) –
adequacy and use
Proper
equipments
not provided or is not
adequate for specific
hazards
Partial but inadequate
or
ineffective
provision, distribution
and use of personal
protective equipments
Proper equipments is
provided. Equipment
identified for special
hazards. Distribution of
equipment.
Is
controlled
by
supervisor, employee is
required
to
use
protective equipment
Equipment provided complies with
standards. Close control maintained
by supervision. Use of safety
equipment recognized as an
employment. Requirement. Injury
record bears this out
7
Equipment Health
Equipments in poor
shape
and
no
programme
of
revamping
Equipments
may
provide unreliable and
interrupted service
Equipments maintained
well and a good
programme
of
overhauling
and
replacement
Equipments in excellent condition
and predictive, Preventive , annual
turn around and replacement
programmes to ensure top shape of
equipments
8
General
Chemical
Hazard Control
No Chemical Hazard
control programme in
vogue
Chemical hazards are
identified,
but
no
systematic efforts made
to enforce regular
system of chemical
Hazard control
MSDS for all chemical
available,
displayed
and
a
systematic
Chemical
Hazards
control Programme in
vogue
In addition to Good level, there is
considerable general floor level
awareness, concern and practice of
chemical Hazard control
9
Hazard
Identification
Analysis
No concept of Hazard
Identification
and
Analysis
There is a general
concept of Hazard
Identification, but no
systematic
effort
towards
Hazard
Identification
and
Analysis
HAZOP
study
undertaken and applied
to identifying and
solving
potential
hazards
Periodical
HAZOP
studies
undertaken and all recommendation
of independent HAZOP are
effectively implemented. For new
projects pre- design stage and as
built plant HAZOPs as well as
periodical HAZOPs undertaken and
implemented
and
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
10.
Safe Work Permits
and Confined Space
Entry
No system of Safe
Work Permit in use
Work is authorized
only
by
verbal
instructions and care
taken to ensure safety
There is a written Safe
Work
Permit
and
Confined Space entry
permit system and the
same is effectively
practiced
In addition to 'Good', level, there
are levels of Safe Work Permits and
elaborate instructions are laid down
and ensured for all maintenance
and construction activities
11
Equipment
Safety
Devices- Lockouts,
locking,
trips,
alarms etc.
Even
minimal
equipment
safety
devices lacking
Minimal
equipment
safety devices found
Elaborate system of
trips and interlocks
provided to ensure
avoidance of accidents
and
equipment
damages due to human
error
In addition to Good level, there is a
total central Control system for
control lf all equipment and
machinery and are the system is
maintained and operated by highly
qualified personnel
12
Maintenance
No
modern
maintenance system.
Only break down
maintenance in vague
Some
planned
maintenance practices
found
There is a written
down and practiced
system, of preventive
and planned shut down
maintenance
In addition to 'Good', level, there a
system, of predictive and annual
turn around shut down to ensure
trouble free operations throughout
the year and break downs are
minimal and do not involve
practically any major plant shut
down
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
13.
Solid waste, Air and
water
pollution
control
No system of solid
waste, air and water
pollution monitoring,
treatment and effluent
disposal system in
vogue
Some
elementary
awareness of the need
for waste treatment and
disposal and efforts in
hand to take some
measures
There is a well
established system of
controlling,
treating
and proper disposal of
all wastes and air and
water pollution levels
are regularly monitored
In addition to Good level, there is
great awareness and concern
beyond meeting minimal statutory
standards and a research oriented
effort is being made to improve
processes to make operations with
minimal wastes and system of
recycling water and other resources
is being extensively practiced
14.
Design Safety
Safety aspects are not
kept in view at the
plant design stage
Some consideration for
safety at the design
stage and minimal
statutory provisions of
machine guarding etc.
ensured
The plants are built
with
satisfactory
system of built-insafety
Extensive safety measures ensured
right from the design stage and the
concept of Systems design safety is
well understood and practiced
Data available and
used by foremen when
needed
In addition to 'Fair',
additional
standards
have been requested
when necessary
Data posted and followed where
needed. Additional standards have
been promulgated, reviewed with
employees involved and posted
C. FIRE CONTROL AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
1.
Chemical
Hazard
control references
No knowledge or use
of reference data
Sr.
No.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
2.
Flammable
&
explosive materials
control
Storage facilities don't
meet fire regulations.
containers don't carry
name of the contents.
Excessive
quantities
permitted
in
manufacturing areas
Some
storage
facilities
meet
minimum
fire
regulations.
Most
containers
carry
names of contents.
some
approved
disposing equipment
in use
Storage facilities meet
minimum
fire
regulations.
Most
containers carry name
of contents. Approved
equipment generally
used. Supply at work
area is limited say one
day requirement of
other norm
In addition to 'Good', storage
facilities exceed the minimum
fire regulations and containers are
always labeled. A strong policy is
in evidence relative to the control
of the handling, storage and use
of flammable materials
3.
Ventilation Furnas,
smoke
&
dust
control
Ventilation
rates
are
below industrial hygiene
standards in areas where
there is industrial hygiene
exposure
Ventilation rates in
exposure areas meet
minimum standards
In addition to 'Fair',
ventilation rates are
periodically
measured,
recorded
and maintained at
approved levels
In addition to 'Good', equipment
is
properly
selected
and
maintained
at
maximum
efficiency
4
skin contamination
control
Little attempt at control or
elimination
of
skin
irritation exposure
Partial but incomplete
programme
for
protecting
workers.
First-aid reports on
skin problems are
followed up on an
individual basis for
determination
of
cause
The
majority
of
workmen instructed
concerning
skinirritating
materials.
Workmen
provided
with
approved
personal
protective
equipments
or
devices. Use of these
equipment is enforced
All workmen informed about
skin-irritating
materials.
Workmen in all cases provided
with approved personal protective
equipment of devices. Use of
proper equipment enforced and
facilities
available
for
maintenance.
Workers
are
encouraged
to
wash
skin
frequently. Injury records indicate
good control.
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
5.
Fire
measures
control
Do
not
meet
minimum
statutory
requirements
Meet
minimum
statutory requirements
In addition to 'Fair',
additional fire hoses
and /or extinguishers
are provided. Welding
permits
issued.
Extinguishers on all
welding carts
In addition to 'Good', a fire crew is
organized and trained in emergency
procedures and in use of fire
fighting equipment and regular fire
drills are conducted and other
employees also included in such
fire drills and training Programmes
6.
Solid, liquid and
gaseous
waste
collection, treatment,
and disposal
Control measures are
inadequate
Some controls exist for
disposal of harmful
wastes
of
trash.
Controls exist but are
ineffective in methods
or
procedures
of
collection, treatment
and disposal
Most waste collection,
treatment and disposal
problems have been
identified and control
Programmes instituted.
There is room for
further improvement
Waste collection, treatment and
disposal is very effective and air,
water and earth contamination
hazard potentials minimal
7.
Hazard
and
Operability Studies
(HAZOPS)
Unaware of HAZOP
studies
Some hazard studies
conducted
but
no
formal HAZOP study
organized
Formal HAZOP studies
conducted and areas of
operation,
maintenance, handling
and
transportation
hazards identified
In addition to 'Good', level, HAZOP
study, application has been made of
potential disaster scenarios in
developing emergency preparedness
plan
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
8.
Emergency
Preparedness Plan
POOR
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
Not prepared
1
2
3
EMP
has
prepared only
GOOD
4
5
been
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
EMP has been well
publicized
and
effective
tested
Preparedness
tested
periodically
1
2
3
4
5
Extensive
EMP
Preparedness
programme
with
day-to-day
monitoring weather conditions and
keeping alert on the on-site and
off-site vulnerable areas in the
event of potential disasters
D. SUPERVISORY AND WORKMEN PARTICIPATION, MOTIVATION AND TRAINING
1.
Line
supervisor
safety training
All supervisors have
not received basic
safety training
All shop supervisors
have received some
safety training
All
supervisors
participate
in
divisional
safety
training
session
periodically
e.g.a
minimum of twice a
year
In addition to 'Good', special
sessions conducted on specific
problems
2.
Safety committee
No Safety committee
as
per
statutory
requirements
in
existence
Safety committee in
existence just meeting
the
statutory
requirements but not
effective
A standing safety
committee
representing
management
and
workmen constituted
in terms of statutory
provisions
and
effectively working
In addition to effective safety,
committee as under 'Good', the
recommendations of the safety
committee are given importance
and effectively implemented. All
cases of near misses and minor and
major accidents reviewed and
accident investigation reports made
available to the safety committee
S.N.
ACTIVITY
POOR
Rating ->
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
3.
Indoctrination
of
new employees on
safety, health and
environments
requirements
No programme of
indoctrination of new
employees on safety,
health
and
environments
requirements
Verbal only
A written handout to
assist
the
indoctrination
A
formal
and
rigorous
indoctrination of new employees on
safety, health and environments
policy is in effect
4.
Job Hazard analysis
and keeping track of
even near misses
No such job hazard
control system in
existence
Job hazard control
programme
being
implemented in select
areas
Job hazard analyses
done and near misses
kept track of
Not only is Job hazard analyses and
near misses kept track of, but
substantial awareness of the
relationship between near misses,
no injury accidents, minor injury
major accidents
5.
Specialized training
on
specially
hazardous
operations,
maintenance,
loading
unloading
and transportation
activities
Inadequate training
given on specially
hazardous activities
An occasional training
given for specially
hazardous activities
Safety training is given
for all specialized and
hazardous activities on
a regular basis and
retraining provided to
review
correct
procedures
In addition to 'Good', a periodical
review done and training areas and
procedures improved and extensive
use of audiovisuals and drills
conducted as part of training
6.
Internal
inspection
No
written
programme
for
identifying hazardous
activities
and
or
condition
Reliance on statutory
authority for reporting
hazardous activities
A written programme
of internal inspection,
responsibilities
frequency and follow
up is in effect
Internal inspection and control is
measured in terms of results in
reduction of near misses and
accidents. Inspection results are
followed up by top management
self
S.
No.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1 2
3
4
FAIR
5
1 2 3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
7
Safety
promotion and
publicity
Bulletin boards
and posters are
considered the
primary means of
safety promotion
Additional safety
displays,
demonstrations,
films, are used
infrequently
Safety displays,
competitions, debates,
discussions, lectures,
films frequently used
In addition to ‘Good’, special
display cabinets, windows,
etc. are provided and displays
are provided and changed
regularly and keyed to special
themes
8
Supervisor/
workmen safety
contact and
communication
Little or no
attempt made by
supervisor to
discuss safety
with workmen
Infrequent
communications
between
supervisors and
workmen on
safety aspects
Supervisors regularly
cover safety when
reviewing work practices
with workmen
individually and
collectively
In addition to ‘Good’,
supervisors make good use of
the shop safety plans and
regularly review job safety
requirements with each
worker and emphasis on safe
job performance while
reviewing the worker’s safety
performance
E. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION, ANALYSIS, REPORTING AND FOLLOW UP ACTION
1
Accident
investigation by
line personnel
No accident
investigation made
by line men
Line supervision
makes only
investigation of
medical injury
cases
Line supervision trained
in accident investigation
and do carry out
investigation of all
accidents, determines
causes in the overall
perspective, recommends
corrective measures in a
time bound way
In addition to the ‘Good’ level
investigation is made of all
accidents within 24 hours of
the occurrence, reports
reviewed by department heads
and plant managers and action
corrective actions initiated to
avoid recurrence
5
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
2.
Accident analysis
to reveal
relationship
between various
accident factors
No accident analysis
undertaken
Some basic analysis
of accidents made for
cause, location and
operation
Detailed accident
records maintained
and regularly
analyzed to reveal
broad pattern of
relationship of various
accident parameters
Computerized data base of near
misses and accidents along with
advanced PC-Software based
accident analysis undertaken
regularly to determine pattern of near
misses and accidents in relation to a
wide range of parameters and this
analyses is used as an effective tool
for control of accidents
3
Investigation of
property damage
cases
No specified
programme
Verbal inquiry or a
general practice to
inquire about only
property damage
accidents
Written requirement
of investigation of all
property damage
accidents involving a
specified loss limit
say Rs. 100/-
All property damage accidents are
recorded, reported and investigated
and corrective measures including
improved specifications for
equipments and spares required to be
considered
4
Accident reporting
and recording
Inadequate procedures
and practices
Only reportable
Accidents are
properly reported and
records maintained
as per statutory
requirements
Recording of
accidents covers also
non reportable ones
like first aid cases and
used for analysis
All accidents including near misses,
first aid cases and reportable
accidents are recorded, reported and
used for detailed analysis
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
POOR
1
2
FAIR
3
4
5
1
2
GOOD
3
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
OFF-THE-JOB-SAFETY
1.
Administrative
system for off-thejob-safety
None existing and
off-the-job accidents
treated as no
concern of
management
Only informal
concern for off-thejob-safety
Formalized off-the-jobsafety programme
Specific policy statement on the
significance of off-the-job-safety and
formal organizational responsibilities
laid down and practiced
2
Reporting,
recording, and
cause analysis of all
off-the-jobaccidents of
employees
None in existence
Off-the-job accident
victim is met as a
matter of human
concern only
Formal reporting,
recording, investigation
and cause analysis and
consoling the victim and
family
In addition to ‘Good’, there is a
formalized system of providing
medical and moral help to victim and
family and investigation report is
made use of in training employees on
the need for off-the-job safety
keeping in view the family and
economic losses and miseries
3
Training on off-thejob-safety
None
Generally off-the-jobaccidents are
discussed only
There is a formal
procedure to highlight
the need for off-the-jobsafety in safety training
All safety training programmes,
publicity programmes and safety
manuals specifically include off-thejob-safety
S.N.
ACTIVITY
Rating ->
1.
2
3
4
5
6
POOR
1
2
3
FAIR
4
5
1
2
3
GOOD
4
5
1
2
3
EXCELLENT
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Thank you