Transcript A Troubled Germany

A Troubled Germany
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Economic despair & political instability
Punishments of Treaty of Versailles
High inflation = German “mark” has no value
Failure of Weimar Republic (Gustov
Streseman)
• People blame them for Treaty of Versailles
• Other European nations suffering the same
German children play with stacks
of money
Flag of Weimar Republic
US Response
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Stay out of League of Nations
WWI a mistake
Isolationism popular
Insistent of payment of war debts
US relief agencies help out
1924 Dawes Plan fails
Negotiated 1925 Kellogg-Briand Pact
Adolph Hitler (early years)
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Born April 20, 1889 in Austria
Abusive father, early failures (school, art, etc.)
Finds niche in WWI
After war moves to Munich becomes
Nationalist
Adolph Hitler
Adolph Hitler
Review
1. Factors that gave rise to dictators in Europe
and Asia 1930s?
- Conditions of Treaty of Versailles
- Economic Crisis “Great Depression”
- Political instability
- Weak League of Nations
- Failure of international agreements
- Social unrest
Review
2. Who Rises to Power in each of the following?
Russia =
Joseph Stalin
Italy =
Benito Mussolini
Germany =
Adolph Hitler
Japan =
Emperor Horhito & Hideki Tojo
Spain =
Francisco Franco
Review
3. Characteristics of Totalitarianism?
- Dictators with total power
- One Party Rule
- Importance of State over Individual
(Nationalism)
- State control of most aspects of life (limited
freedoms)
- Common enemy created (racism)
- Military conquest and expansionism (to gain
approval)
- Scare tactics (to unify and eliminate dissent)
Hitler & the Nazi Party
• 1921 joins the National Socialist German Workers
Party
• Is outspoken against the Weimar Republic and
Treaty of Versailles, popularity grows
• 1923 leads an attempted coup – crushed an
thrown in jail – The “Beer Hall Putsch”
Mein Kampf “My Struggle”
Main ideas stated in “Mein Kampf”
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States political views
German “Aryan” race superior
Blamed Jews for economic problems and WWI
Attacked USSR (obstacle of expansion)
Lebensraum “German living space”
Rudolf Hess typed Mein Kampf
Hitler becomes dictator
• 1924 released from prison – rebuild Socialist
party (NAZI party)
• excellent speaker, good politician, appealed to
peasants, workers, middle class
• ’28-’32 NAZI’s voted into a lot of seats in
Reichstag
• Hitler named Chancellor on Jan. 30, 1933 by
President Paul von Hindenburg
Paul von Hindenburg
• Hitler uses “shady” politics strengthen party
and gain support
• Feb 27, ‘33 Suspicious burning of a Reichstag
building, blamed on communists
• Leads to Enabling Bill which gave Hitler
dictatorial powers
• Hitler has no intention of following rules of
democracy
• Aug. 2, 1934 Hindenburg dies, Hitler combines
the presidency and the chancellor – calls
himself “Der Fuhrer”
• Birth of 3rd Reich – Hitler takes control of all
aspects of govt, outlaws opposition, and
censors media
• Creates Fascist State (Nazism)
• Gestapo (led by Herman Goering) and S.A.
(led by Ernst Roehm)
• Night of Long Knives – June 30, 1934 (scares
people into obedience)
Night of Long Knives
NAZI Flag “Swastika”
A cross with 4 bent arms all at a right angle
From the Sanskrit word, means “Creating
a well being”.
Ancient Aryan symbol for the sun
Hermann Goering
Ernst Roehm & Heinrich Himmler
Head of SS Leibstandarte (Body Guards
to Hitler) – Josef “Sepp” Dietrich
Albert Speer, Nazi minister of
Armaments
Anti-Semitic Policies
• Jew expelled from govt, teaching, medicine, &
law
• Nuremberg Laws 1935
– Took away Jewish citizenship
– Banned marriages
– Jews must wear “star of David”
– Jews re-located to Ghettos
Hitler Youth
• Hitler Youth established “Pimpf”
• Anti-Semitic propaganda (Josef Goebbles)
Hitler Youth
Jews forced to wear Star of David
Joseph Goebbels
NAZI propaganda
Holocaust Begins
• 1933 Dachau – 1st Concentration Camps
• April 1, 1933 Day of “Boycott”
• Nov. 7, 1938 “Kristallnacht” (night of broken
glass)
– SS goes on rampage – 15 hours, over 200
synagogues destroyed, 7,500 stores looted, over
100 Jew killed, more than 30,000 arrested and put
in prison camps
Kristallnacht
Damage of Kristallnacht
5/21 Warm Up
1. What was the significance of June 30th, 1934
to Hitler?
2. What ultimately was the goal of the first
phase of the Holocaust?
3. What were some ways in which the first
phase of the Holocaust was carried out?
4. What is the greater significance of November
8-9th, 1938?
People rally behind Hitler
• Promises, economic recovery, territorial
expansion, domestic strength
• Rebuild military, employs thousands of
workers, build housing, highways, sports
arenas
• ‘36 Olympics (world’s eyes on Germany)
• By late 30s strength and determination clear
• US does not respond, focus is on “New Deal”
Hitler & Nazi’s
USA Time magazine “Man of the
Year” 1939
Nuremburg Rallies
Turmoil in Italy
• Same economic & political issues as Germany
• Benito Mussolini forms Fascist Party (WWI
vets)
• Goal: unite Italians using reminders of ancient
Rome (nationalism and military sacrifice)
• Hated democracy (destroys unity of state)
• 1922 Mussolini defends capital from
communist takeover, becomes Prime Minister
• Aggressive foreign policy, invades Ethiopia
1935
Benito Mussolini
Spanish Civil War
• 1930’s Francisco Franco & Nationalist Party vs.
Republicans
• Mussolini and Hitler help Franco
• League of Nations helps Republicans
• USA Neutral (military not important 15th
largest, de-militarization)
• Ends in 1939 Franco wins
• Rome-Berlin Axis forms
Francisco Franco
Rome-Berlin Axis
Heidki Tojo
Militarism in Japan
• Tojo supported by Germany and Italy = RomeBerlin-Tokyo Axis is formed
• July 7th, 1937 full blown war with China
(Beginning WWII in Asia)
• US response = FDR’s “Quarantine Speech”
1937
•Joseph Stalin
•1921/Soviet Union
Communism
Spread Communism
throughout the world
•Stalin maneuvered himself into becoming the leader
of the Soviet Union.
•The Russian Revolution was led by the people to
overthrow a monarch but when the new ruling class
took over, there were no protections of people’s
rights…… “NO BILL OF RIGHTS”
•Communism and fascism are similar in their
ideologies
dictators
Stalin’s Soviet Union
Stalin’s Economic Plans Stalin’s Reign of Terror
•Stalin’s state takeover of
farmland resulted in a dramatic
fall in agricultural production as
well as mass starvation.
•To eliminate opposition, Stalin
began a series of purges, the
removal of enemies and
undesirable individuals from
positions of power.
•Stalin poured money and labor
into industrialization rather than •Stalin’s purges extended to all
basic necessities such as housing levels of society. Millions were
and clothing.
either executed or sent to forced
labor camps.
•Due to Stalin’s policies, the
Soviet Union soon became a
•Nearly all of those purged by
modern industrial power,
Stalin were innocent. However,
although one with a low
these purges successfully
standard of living.
eliminated all threats to Stalin’s
power.
Rise of Stalin
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Communist Party
Collectivization of USSR
Eliminate private enterprise and property
5 Year Plans (to modernize)
Police state – purges – totalitarian
government
Joseph Stalin