Transcript Slide 1

SCHOOL OF FOREST RESOURCES BUILDING
Penn State University
University Park, PA
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
PRESENTATION AGENDA
Background
• Project Background
LEED Design
• LEED Certification for Laboratory Buildings
VAV Systems
• Variable Air Volume Systems for Laboratories
VRML Models
• Immersive Virtual Modeling for MEP Coordination
Conclusion
• Conclusions and Recommendations
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
PROJECT BACKGROUND
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Background
LEED Design
•Size: 92,000 SF
•Laboratory Space: 28,000 SF
•Cost: $27,000,000
VAV Systems
VRML Models
•Construction: August 2004 – December 2005
•Delivery Method: CM Agency
•CM Agency: Gilbane Building Company
Conclusion
•Designed as LEED Certified
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
PRESENTATION AGENDA
Background
• Project Background
LEED Design
• LEED Certification for Laboratory Buildings
VAV Systems
• Variable Air Volume Systems for Laboratories
VRML Models
• Immersive Virtual Modeling for MEP Coordination
Conclusion
• Conclusions and Recommendations
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
LEED CERTIFICATION FOR LABS
WHAT IS LEED?
Background
•Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
LEED Design
•Established by the US Green Building Council (USGBC)
VAV Systems
•Voluntary, consensus based national standard for
developing high performance, sustainable buildings
VRML Models
Conclusion
• Four levels
Certified: 26-32 points
Silver: 33-38 points
Gold: 39-51 points
Platinum: 52-69 points
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
LEED CERTIFICATION FOR LABS
BENEFITS OF LEED
Background
•Decrease energy costs
•Up to $6/SF for typical lab
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
•Decrease water consumption
•Up to 1,000,000 gallons/year
•Reduced equipment size
•Improved indoor environmental quality
•20 – 26% improvement in learning / comprehension
Conclusion
•1.6 – 1.9% improvement in classroom attendance
•2 – 4% improvement in employee productivity
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
LEED CERTIFICATION FOR LABS
DIFFICULTIES FOR LABORATORY BUILDINGS
Background
•High demand for power and water
LEED Design
VAV Systems
•Air quality requirements
VRML Models
•100% outdoor air
•Minimum air flow rates
•Air changes per hour
•Maintain negative room pressure
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
“LEED” - ING BY EXAMPLE
DONALD BREN HALL
Background
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
UC SANTA BARBARA
•First LEED Platinum certified
laboratory building in the
country
•Similar in size and scope to
the Forest Resources building
•Keys to sustainability:
• Photovoltaic array on roof provides 10% of total electricity needed
Conclusion
• High efficiency variable air volume mechanical system
• Constructed from more than 40% recycled materials
• Water conservation and reclamation
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
LEED CERTIFICATION FOR LABS
THE COST OF GOING “GREEN”
Background
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
•Bren Hall achieved Platinum certification for only 2% above
construction costs
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
LEED CERTIFICATION FOR LABS
FOREST RESOURCES BUILDING
Background
•Designed for LEED Certification
LEED Design
VAV Systems
•Could easily achieve Silver or even Gold certification
•Main areas of focus:
•Landscaping
VRML Models
Conclusion
•Water conservation
•Reduce total energy use
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
PRESENTATION AGENDA
Background
• Project Background
LEED Design
• LEED Certification for Laboratory Buildings
VAV Systems
• Variable Air Volume Systems for Laboratories
VRML Models
• Immersive Virtual Modeling for MEP Coordination
Conclusion
• Conclusions and Recommendations
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
VAV SYSTEMS FOR LABS
WHAT IS VAV?
Background
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
•Variable Air Volume
•System varies the amount of air supplied to specific areas of
the building based on demand
•Advantages
•Reduced energy costs
•Reduced equipment sizes
•Disadvantages
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
•Higher initial cost
•Higher maintenance costs
•More sensors and control wiring needed
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
VAV SYSTEMS FOR LABS
IS THERE A NEED FOR VAV SYSTEMS?
Background
ENERGY USE FOR A TYPICAL LAB
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
Source: labs21.org
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
VAV SYSTEMS FOR LABS
VAV FOR LABORATORIES
Background
LEED Design
•Must maintain room pressure
•Laboratory fume hoods
•Minimum air flow
VAV Systems
VRML Models
•Sash position sensors
•Maintain constant conditions for experiments
•Override switch
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
VAV SYSTEMS FOR LABS
TYPICAL LABORATORY VAV ARRANGEMENT
Background
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
VAV SYSTEMS FOR LABS
IS A VAV SYSTEM COST EFFECTIVE?
Background
•Typical constant volume system
$12 - $14 / SF of laboratory
LEED Design
•Typical VAV system
VAV Systems
VRML Models
$15 - $17 / SF of laboratory
•VAV system alone can save up to $2 / SF per year on energy costs
•Life cycle cost analysis shows VAV to be a better economic
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
investment over life of building
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
PRESENTATION AGENDA
Background
• Project Background
LEED Design
• LEED Certification for Laboratory Buildings
VAV Systems
• Variable Air Volume Systems for Laboratories
VRML Models
• Immersive Virtual Modeling for MEP Coordination
Conclusion
• Conclusions and Recommendations
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL MODELING
MEP COORDINATION PROCESS
Background
•Traditionally done with 2D drawings
•Difficult to visualize elevations and layout of components
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL MODELING
MEP COORDINATION USING VRML
Background
LEED Design
•3D model exported to Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
•Goal of immersive virtual model is to reduce time needed to
detect collisions
•Save time and money during coordination and construction
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL MODELING
INDUSTRY SURVEY
Background
•Nine professionals from the Forest Resources building
•Ranged from mechanical engineers to pipe fitters
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Visualizing the layout and elevations of duct and piping is easier with the
immersive virtual model than with traditional 2D drawings:
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly
Agree
5
4
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL MODELING
INDUSTRY SURVEY
Background
•Nine professionals from the Forest Resources building
•Ranged from mechanical engineers to pipe fitters
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Using an immersive virtual model could speed up the MEP coordination
process:
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly
Agree
3
5
1
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL MODELING
INDUSTRY SURVEY
Background
•Nine professionals from the Forest Resources building
•Ranged from mechanical engineers to pipe fitters
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Using an immersive virtual model during the MEP coordination process
could help avoid delays during construction:
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly
Agree
1
7
1
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL MODELING
CONCERNS ON THE USE OF VRML
Background
•One of the biggest drawbacks is the additional time and money
needed to create the immersive virtual model
LEED Design
•Hopefully, this money would be made up during construction
by having no delays or change orders
VAV Systems
VRML Models
•Having an environment available to view an immersive virtual
model in stereo can be costly and space consuming
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
•Taking advantage of facilities such as this one could be
beneficial
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
PRESENTATION AGENDA
Background
• Project Background
LEED Design
• LEED Certification for Laboratory Buildings
VAV Systems
• Variable Air Volume Systems for Laboratories
VRML Models
• Immersive Virtual Modeling for MEP Coordination
Conclusion
• Conclusions and Recommendations
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
CONCLUSION
•LEED Certification is a worthwhile and rewarding endeavor
Background
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
•Main focus for Forest Resources building should be reduced
energy use
•Using a VAV system can greatly reduce energy consumption
•Special attention should be given to laboratory requirements
•Visualizing MEP coordination drawings can be greatly enhanced
by immersive virtual models
•Some barriers do exist that make the technology not quickly
adopted into the construction industry
•Immersive virtual models can be an economically rewarding
investment
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
QUESTIONS
Background
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
VAV SYSTEMS FOR LABS
LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
Background
LC = IC + AC * ((1 + i)^n – 1) / (i * (1 + i)^n)
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
where:
LC = life cycle cost
IC = initial cost
AC = annual cost (energy + maintenance)
i = interest rate
n = number of years
Conclusion
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
VAV SYSTEMS FOR LABS
LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
Background
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
20 Year Period
Given economic factors:
Interest rate = 8%
Service Life = 20 years
Constant Volume system
Initial cost = $364,000
Energy cost = $168,000 / year
Maintenance cost = $35,000 / year
Variable Air Volume system
Initial cost = $448,000
Energy cost = $112,000 / year
Maintenance cost = $38,000 / year
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005
VAV SYSTEMS FOR LABS
LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
Background
LEED Design
VAV Systems
VRML Models
Conclusion
Constant Volume life cycle cost
LC = 364,000 + (35,000 + 168,000) * ((1 + 0.08)^20 – 1) /
(0.08 * (1 + 0.08)^20)
LC = $2,357,000
Variable Air Volume life cycle cost
LC = 448,000 + (38,000 + 112,000) * ((1 + 0.08)^20 – 1) /
(0.08 * (1 + 0.08)^20)
LC = $1,921,000
Brian Horn
Construction Management
Senior Thesis Presentation
13 April 2005