Transcript Document

An Introduction of the Mid-term
Exam and the Plan for Extensive
Reading IV
期中考试 (45 minutes)
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I. For each italicized word or expression,
choose the best meaning below. Pay
attention to some context clues, which
can be of help to your understanding.
(20 points)（Word Pretests from Units 1,
2, 3, and 5, and from Lecture One）
期中考试 (45 minutes)
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II. Select five of the given words to fill in
the corresponding blanks in their correct
forms. (10 points)
(Refer to Vocabulary Building on P24 in
the textbook)
III. Find out the modifier or modifiers of
the word underlined. (10 points)
Example: The man drinking severely from
the bottle is broke-hearted for the loss of his
dreams.
a. severely b. drinking severely from the
bottle c. from the bottle d. crying
The correct answer is: b
(From Lectures 3 and 4, and the
corresponding quizzes )
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IV. Find the core parts (the subject,
predicate verb and object or predicative)
of the main clause in each sentence. (10
points)
Example: Animals which do not have to hunt for
their food often get lazy.
a. Animals do not have to hunt. b. which do not
have to hunt c. Animals get lazy. d. Which get
lazy. c
(From Lectures 3 and 4, and the
corresponding quizzes )
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V. Cloze (20 points) (From CET 4)
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VI. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
(Two passages, five questions for each;
one from CET 4 and the other from
Section B in the textbook)
Objectives (课程目的)
This course is designed to help you better
understand English writing of different
types for various purposes, and the aim will
be achieved by training you to grasp a
relatively large vocabulary, a good
knowledge of grammar, a wide scope of
knowledge, and develop sound reasoning.
Great importance is attached to the
development of ability to learn.
Topics Covered (学习内容)
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Word understanding
Context clue (利用上下文)
Sharpen your observation (锻炼观察力)
Exercise your imagination (发挥想象力)
Classification and regularity finding (分
类记忆与找规律)
Topics Covered (学习内容)
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Sentence structure analysis (句式分析)
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Core part identification (找出主干)
Subordinate clause identification (找出从句)
Modifier identification (找出修饰语结构)
Coordinator identification (找出并列结构)
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Topics Covered (学习内容)
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Appositive identification (找出同位语)
Substitution (替代)
Phrase reading (词组阅读)
Key word reading (关键词阅读)
3. Teaching Plan (教学计划)
本课程为每周一讲
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单周教授阅读技巧
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双周教授《泛读教程III》（王守仁、姚媛，
2005，上海：上海外语教育出版社），其
中前五次选择《泛读教程III》中的五篇
Text讲解；后三次为长句理解专项练习并
作期末复习。
单周讲座
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Lecture One: Basic ideas about this course
Lecture Two: Observation, imagination,
classification and regularity finding
Lecture Three: Sentence structure I
Lecture Four: Sentence structure II
单周讲座
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Lecture Five: Sentence structure III
Lecture Six: Understanding substitution
and “It”
Lecture Seven: Phrase reading
Lecture Eight: Key word reading
双周讲座
基于《泛读教程III》（王守仁等编）
 Lecture One: Reading Strategies (on Page 3)
 Lecture Two: Education (on Page 19)
 Lecture Three: Body Language (on Page 34)
 Lecture Four: History (on Page 65)
 Lecture Five: Space (on Page 99)
双周讲座
基于阅读技巧
 Lecture Six: A Revision of Sentence
Structure
 Lecture Seven: Exercises for Sentence
Structure Analysis
 Lecture Eight: A Revision of What You Have
Learnt for the Whole Semester
单周讲座 （举例介绍）
Lecture One: Basic ideas about this course
 What is extensive reading?
 What are the process of, and difficulties in
reading comprehension?
 What need to be done for extensive reading?
 Context clue (利用上下文的线索)
单周讲座 （举例介绍）
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Context clue (利用上下文的线索)
1. John was always talkative, but Tom remained taciturn.
2. In a beehive there are three kinds of bees: the queen,
the drones and the worker bees.
3. Botany is the scientific study of plants; zoology is the
scientific study of animals.
单周讲座 （举例介绍）
Lecture Two: Observation, imagination,
classification and regularity finding
Observation：
scenic dissimilarity identification facial
单周讲座 （举例介绍）
Lecture Two: Observation, imagination,
classification and regularity finding
Observation：
scenic
dissimilarity
identification
facial
scene
similar
identify
face
单周讲座 （举例介绍）
Lecture Two: Observation, imagination,
classification and regularity finding
Imagination： Guess the meaning of
cross out the name on the list
Can you think of another word
which begins with cross?
Crossroads: place where two roads
meet and cross
What is the shape of a cross?
How about the meaning of cross out a
name?
James Bond
单周讲座 （举例介绍）
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Lectures Three, Four and Five: Sentence
structure
Basic sentence pattern (基本句型)
Core part identification (找出主干)
Subordinate clause identification (找出从句)
Modifier identification (找出修饰语结构)
Coordinator identification (找出并列结构)
A Summary of Sentence Structure
I. Basic Sentence Pattern (基本句型)
SV (主—动)
SVC (主—动—主补/表语)
SVO (主—动—宾)
SVOiOd (主—动—间宾—直宾)
SVOCo (主—动—宾—宾补)
A Summary of Sentence Structure
II. Core part identification (找句子主干)
1.What can be a subject?
2. What can be a predicate verb (谓语动词)?
Exercise
Find out the subject and predicate verb in the
sentences below, and pay attention to the head words
and their modifiers and translate them.
1. The importance of reading aloud and of
rewriting again and again can hardly be
overestimated (高估).
1.
The importance of reading aloud and of rewriting
again and again can hardly be overestimated (高
估).
SV: The importance can hardly be overestimated
head word + modifier: the importance of reading aloud
and of rewriting again and again (n + prep + n)
大声朗读和一遍遍改写的重要性几乎无法被高估。
2. The company set up by a wealthy man will
raise the wages for the workers who work
hard but get little.
2. The company set up by a wealthy man will raise
the wages for the workers who work hard but get little.
SVO: The company will raise the wages.
head word + modifier: the company set up by a
wealthy man (n + done)
the workers who work hard but get little (n + clause)
由一个富人建的公司会给工作努力却收入少的工人加工
资。
3. The new gas stove in the kitchen which I
bought last week has a very efficient oven (烘
箱).
3. The new gas stove in the kitchen which I bought last
week has a very efficient oven (烘箱).
SVO: The new gas stove has a very efficient oven.
head word + modifier: the new gas stove in the kitchen
(n + prep + n)
the gas stove which I bought last week (n + clause)
我上星期买的放在厨房里的新煤气炉有一个很高效的烘
箱。
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4. Efforts to meld Europe’s patchwork of
financial services into an efficient and unified
whole keep running into protectionist
roadblock thrown up by Germany, France,
Spain and other countries.
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4. Efforts ①to meld Europe’s patchwork ②of
financial services ③into an efficient and
unified whole ④keep running into
protectionist roadblock ⑤thrown up by
Germany, France, Spain and other countries.
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Core parts：Efforts keep running into
roadblock.
A Summary of Sentence Structure
III. Modifier identification
1. The modifier preceding its head word
2. The Modifier following its head word
1) n (head word)+prep+n
i) n (head word)+prep+n
ii) n (head word)+prep+n+prep+n+prep+n+…
2) n+doing
3) n+to do
4) n+done
5) n+clause
1. The book on the desk on the floor in the
classroom in that building is a nice one.
the classroom in that building
the floor in the classroom in that building
the desk on the floor in the classroom in that building
the book on the desk on the floor in the classroom
in that building
The book on the desk on the floor in the classroom
in that building is a nice one.
2. The number of protons (质子) in the nucleus
(原子核) of any atom tells us the name of the
element.
The number of protons (质子) in the nucleus (原子核)
①
②
of any atom tells us the name of the element.
③
③的②的①的n (head word)
任何原子的原子核中的质子的数量 告诉我们 这一
元素的名称。
A Summary of Sentence Structure
IV. Subordination
1.
2.
3.
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Subordinate and main clauses
Subordinators
The types of subordinate clauses
i) Nominal clause
Subject clause (主语从句)
Object clause (宾语从句)
Predicative clause (表语从句)
Appositive clause (同位语从句)
ii)
Adjective clause
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Restrictive clause (限定性从句)
Non-restrictive clause (非限定性从句)
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1. I listened to the radio waiting for my favorite song
when I was young.
I listened to the radio waiting for my favorite song
(main clause)
when I was young (subordinate clause)
2. Though he had little fortune, he died a very happy
man.
Though he had little fortune (subordinate clause)
he died a very happy man (main clause)
Why shall we recognize subordinate clause and
main clause？
1. The main idea lies in the main clause.
2. Understanding will be confused if the relationship
between them is not made clear.
3. To recognize the main clause can save you a lot of
time in reading and figuring out the main idea.
4. Improve your reasoning power while you are
choosing between what is important and what is less
important.
However much United States voters may agree
that there is waste in government and that the
government as a whole spends beyond its
means, it is difficult to find broad support for a
movement toward a energy-saving state.
However much United States voters may agree
that there is waste in government and that the
government as a whole spends beyond its
means, it is difficult to find broad support for a
movement toward a energy-saving state.
The main idea: it is difficult to find broad support
for a movement toward an energy-saving state.
(main clause)
A Summary of Sentence Structure
V. Coordination
1.
Identify coordinators
2.
Identify coordinated units
Exercise
1.
People are walking along the path
lined by tall trees and on the big
square where doves are wandering.
Exercise
1. People are walking along the path lined
by tall trees and on the big square where
doves are wandering.
Obviously, and is here to connect on.
We can say on is B here.
Then which is A?
A: along
Walking along the path and on the square
2. Lacking information about energy use, people
tend to overestimate the amount of energy used
by equipment, such as lights, that are visible
and1 must be turned on and2 off and3
underestimate that used by unnoticeable
equipment, such as water heater.
are visible and1 must be turned
on and2 off
overestimate (高估) and3 underestimate (低估)
Appositive
1.
2.
I have a wife, a companion (伙伴) for life, who
has shown me more courage than I ever knew.
a companion for life = a wife
The neighbor boys, the twins, were excellent
baseball players.
the twins = boys
3. The doctor helped two patients, the boy
with the broken leg and the girl with a
burned arm.
4. Our neighbors, the Smiths and the Greens,
are moving next week.
3. The doctor helped two patients, the boy
with the broken leg and the girl with a
burned arm.
the boy and the girl = patients
4. Our neighbors, the Smiths and the
Greens, are moving next week.
the Smiths and the Greens = neighbors
Substitution
1. The paper of this page looks white because
it sends back to our eyes all the colors in the
light that reach it.
这页纸看起来是白色因为它把所有到达它
的光中的颜色都送回到我们眼中。
这页纸看起来是白色因为它(纸)把所有到达
它(纸)的光中的颜色都送回到我们眼中。
(grammatically)
2. So it seems possible that family reunions
will continue to be popular, a little bit
different from those of our ancestors but in
fact with many things in common. But can we
be sure of this?
所以家庭团聚会继续受人欢迎这看起来是
可能的，和我们祖先的那些有点不一样，
但事实上许多事情上有共同之处。但我们
能确信这一点吗？
Phrase reading
When you phrase read it should feel like this:
Your eye should move and stop, move and stop.
Each time your eye stops, or fixates it should
see a meaningful phrase. Phrase reading will
improve your comprehension and help you read
faster
When you
phrase read
it should feel
like this.
Your eye should
move and stop, move and stop. Each time
your eye stops, or fixates,
it should see
a meaningful phrase.
Phrase reading
will improve
your comprehension
and help you
read faster
Key word reading
There was airline hijacking in Los
Angeles. Among the passengers fiftytwo are hostages and four are hijackers.
The identity and the purpose of the
hijackers are still unknown.
Key word reading
There was airline hijacking in Los Angeles.
Among the passengers fifty-two are hostages
and four are hijackers. The identity and the
purpose of the hijackers are still unknown.
Key word reading
AIRLINE HIJACKING LOS ANGLELES.
52 HOSTAGES. FOUR HIJACKERS.
IDENTITY AND PURPOSE UNKNOWN.
Wish you good luck!