SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

• • • • Is an add-on to a sentence that already exists Has extra information that relates to the main sentence Creates a NEW INFO + KNOWN INFO situation KNOWN = main sentence; NEW = subordinate clause

NEW AND KNOWN ORDER

• • • • • Order is important and has punctuation rules 1. KNOWN INFO followed by NEW INFO needs no punctuation. This is the usual way we write.

Ex: My brother actually drove the family car for about a block when he was four years old.

2. NEW INFO introducing KNOWN info must have a comma at the end of the NEW INFO.

Ex: When he was only four years old, my brother actually drove the family car about a block.

WHY MOVE/CHANGE THE ORDER?

• • • • To create tension and make the reader wait for the key idea.

To create a transition from previous sentence or paragraph To make the reader notice. If you interrupt the usual order, the change adds stress and details to the idea you want to reinforce.

What is the impact on the subject

brother

move the subordinate clause?

when you

AWUBIS PHRASES

A sentence opener or closer (dependent clause) beginning with an AWUBIS word (subordinating conjunction).

An AWUBIS phrase is NOT a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. It must always be paired with a real sentence (complete thought) and will add more details to the original sentence.

MEET AWUBIS

KEY Letter Catch phrase A W U After As if Although As long as As As soon as (just) as As though When Whereas Whenever Wherever Where While Unless Until I KEY letter B Catch Phrase Because Before S If in case If only in order to/that Since So So that

THE

WHEN

AND

WHY

OF AWUBIS

Time: Concession: Contingency: Condition: Reason: Result: Comparison: Contrast: When, whenever, after, as, before, once, since, till, until, now that, while, as long as, as soon as Though, although, even though, is, while If, once If, in case, as long as, unless, provided that, because, since as long as So, so that As, just as, as if While, whereas

AWUBIS IN ACTION

Complex sentence: After I finish my homework , I plan to spend the evening relaxing.

Complex/compound sentence: Because I stayed up so late , I’m extremely tired this morning, and I feel grumpy .

PUNCTUATING AWUBIS

When AWUBIS is a sentence opener , use comma after the dependent clause.

Ex: Because I stayed up so late , I’m extremely tired this morning, and I feel grumpy.

You will not usually need a comma when the AWUBIS follows the main sentence.

Ex: I’m extremely tired this morning because I stayed up so late last night.