Transcript DISASTER MANAGEMENT AN OVERVIEW

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
AN OVERVIEW
BY
BRIG. D.V.RAO, V.S.M., (Ret’d)
CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT & DISASTERS
A. P.A.R.D.
Damage
Potential
CYCLONE
Society
Poorer than
before
Elements at Risk
Huge Losses/
Damages
Disruption of
Normal life &
Development
Suffers
Damage
Potential
HAZARD
Awareness- Effect
on Elements
Society
Action
Plans
Quicker
Recovery
Elements at Risk
Huge Losses/
Damages
Reduced
Losses
Communities
More
Resilient
More Stable Society
Damage
Potential
HAZARD
Elements at Risk
Societal Elements
Natural Features
People & Live-stock
River/Stream Banks
Huts & Semi-permanent Houses
Low-lying Areas
Weak Buildings
Sea & Sea-coast
Agri. & Horticultural crops
Slopes of hills
Livelihood tools / Equipment
Unsecured personal assets
Public Infrastructure
Scale of Disaster
Is Dependent on :
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Lead Time Available.
Intensity of Hazard.
Duration.
Spatial Extent.
Density of Population & Assets.
Time of Occurrence.
• Vulnerabilities existing in the
Elements at Risk.
•Hazard X Vulnerability =
Disaster
ELEMENTS AT RISK
• People
• Livestock
• Rural Housing Stock
• Houses Vulnerable
• Crops, Trees,Telephone, Electric
poles
• Boats, Looms, Working Implements
• Personal Property
• Electricity, Water and Food Supplies
• Infrastructure Support
AIMS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the
potential losses from hazards.
• Assure prompt and appropriate
assistance to victims when
necessary.
• Achieve rapid and durable
recovery.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
PRE-DISASTER
DURING DISASTER
Stages of Disaster
Cyclone
BEFORE
Jan - Apr
DURING
MAY
AFTER
June- Oct
Well Before
Weeks-Months
Just Before Hours
Rescue
Actual Time
Period
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Role Players in Disasters
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People : Individuals, House -Holds,
Volunteers
Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati
Secretary, Panchayati Members
Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious
Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers,
Retired Army & Police Personnel
Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical,
Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings,
Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public
Health, Police etc. NGOs
DEFINITIONS OF
“VULNERABILITY”
• “The extent to which a community,
structure, service or geographic area is
likely to be damaged or disrupted by
the impact of particular disaster
hazard…”
• “Vulnerability is the propensity of
things to be damaged by a hazard”.
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
•
Disaster
preparedness
aims
at
minimizing the adverse effects of a hazard -
• Through effective precautionary actions
• Ensure timely, appropriate and efficient
organisation and delivery of emergency
response following the impact of a disaster.
PREPAREDNESS
• Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping to include
Resources.
• Assess strengthening requirements and execute.
• Funding for preparedness must be arranged.
• Peoples’ cooperation through Political leaders,
elders, Volunteers and NGOs
• Create lead time by interpreting Warnings
• Plan to include movement of resources with time
frame.
• Aim to reduce the destructive potential of
cyclones, timely & appropriate relief to victims
and quick & durable recovery
Disaster Preparedness
Framework
COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS
Vulnerability
Assessment
Planning
Institutional
Framework
Information
System
Resource
Base
Warning
Systems
Response
Mechanisms
Public
Education
and Training
Rehearsals
Disaster Response Activities
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Warning
Evacuation/Mitigation
Search and Rescue
Assessment
Emergency Relief
Logistics and Supply
Communication and information Management
Survivor Response and coping
Security
EOC & coordination
Expedite rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Floods and Water Hazards
Elements at Risk
• Everything in the
flood plain.
• Earthen or soluble
structures
• Buried services
and utilities
• Food stores
• Crops and
livestock
Main Mitigation
Strategies.
• Land use control
• Engineering of
strictures
• Elevation of structures
• Flood control
structures
• Reforestation projects
(watershed
management)
Strong Winds
Elements at Risk
• Lightweight structures.
• Elevated utilities
(Power and
communication lines)
• Fishing boats and
other maritime
industries.
Main Mitigation
Strategies.
• Structural
engineering
measures.
• Planting of
windbreaks.